畜粪沉积对贵州高原黑麦草╋白三叶草地养分和植被构成的影响
摘要:
2011年8月, 对贵州高原黑麦草(Lolium perenne)+白三叶(Trifolium repens)草地的牛粪和羊粪沉积处和对照处土壤和牧草矿质成分、牧草营养价值、植被构成和牧草被家畜采食的程度进行定量分析, 为草地管理提供实践依据。结果表明, 主要矿质元素含量在土-草之间差异很大, 因矿质种类和家畜种类不同而异;畜粪沉积降低或消除Na、K和Mn在土-草之间的正相关性, 促进Cu和Zn在土-草之间正相关的形成。畜粪沉积对植被在植物种群和群落水平的影响随畜粪类型和分解阶段不同而异, 粪沉积促进鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)和黑麦草生长, 抑制白三叶生长, 使牧草高度、生物量和黑麦草生殖枝率提高, 整体营养价值下降。牛粪沉积对植被的影响比羊粪更明显。家畜对粪沉积处黑麦草和鸭茅的采食均低于对照, 牛对粪沉积处植物的弃食程度比羊的高。草地管理中, 实行牛、羊混牧, 可提高草地利用率。
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