氮硅添加对高寒草甸生物量和多样性的影响

张文鹏; 司晓林; 王文银; 高天鹏; 徐当会

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0142

氮硅添加对高寒草甸生物量和多样性的影响

1.
草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州 730000
2.
兰州城市学院城市生态与环境生物技术中心,甘肃兰州 730070

基金项目:

草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目、国家自然科学基金项目(31370423)

兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(Lzujbky-2013-95)

摘要: 草地施肥多集中于添加氮肥与磷肥,很少涉及硅肥。硅作为对植物有益的一种元素,能提高植物对环境的抗性,促进植物的生长。本研究以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象,通过添加不同组合的氮肥和硅肥,研究群落地上生物量和生物多样性的变化。结果表明,氮肥和硅肥的添加均能提高群落的地上生物量,然而硅肥提高群落地上生物量的幅度远低于氮肥;在添加氮肥导致群落物种多样性下降的同时,添加硅肥可以缓解群落多样性下降的趋势;硅肥的生物学功能在群落水平上存在着最佳浓度效应。同时,我们推测硅肥在维持群落中杂草的存活率上发挥着积极的作用,并通过比较不同硅肥处理时,杂草生物量所占群落生物量比重的变化,支持了上述推测。

关键词:

English

Effects of short-term nitrogen and silicon addition on above-ground biomass and biodiversity of alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

1.
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
Centre of Urban Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received Date: 2015-03-10
Publish Date: 2016-01-19

Abstract: The nitrogen and phosphate is widely fertilized to meadow, but few silicon is involved. Silicon, a beneficial element, has been proved to encourage plant to grow well by enhancing the resistance to various environmental stresses. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of nitrogen and silicon addition on above-ground biomass and biodiversity of alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. This study indicated that nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer improved the above-ground biomass of plant community. However, the increase from silicon fertilizer for above-ground plant biomass was far lower than that from nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer led to declines in species diversity, while silicon fertilizer alleviated the decreasing trend of species diversity. The biological function of silicon fertilizer had an optimal concentration effect at the plant community level. Meanwhile, we hypothesized that silicon fertilizer plays a positive role in maintaining the survival rate of weeds, and the results of this study supported this speculation, in which the proportion of the weed biomass to plant community biomass varied with different silicon fertilizer levels.

Keywords:

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氮硅添加对高寒草甸生物量和多样性的影响

English

Effects of short-term nitrogen and silicon addition on above-ground biomass and biodiversity of alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

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