张家口水资源优化配置与可持续利用研究

韩雁; 张小玲

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2020-0067

张家口水资源优化配置与可持续利用研究

韩雁^1,2,
张小玲³

1.
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
2.
中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室，北京 100101
3.
北京工业大学建筑工程学院，北京 100124

基金项目: “十三五”国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101001)；“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401307)；中国科学院特色研究所培育建设服务项目(TSYJS02)

摘要: 水资源短缺是制约张家口地区经济社会发展和生态环境保护的重要因素。本研究在张家口水资源系统分析的基础上，构建了基于水质与水量的多水源协同配置模型，以综合经济效益最大为目标，以水源可供水量、用户最小需水作为约束条件，在优先生态保护的前提下对规划水平年不同频率下水资源进行配置。结果表明：2025和2030年多年平均张家口缺水率分别为11.6%和12.5%，在枯水年和特枯年缺水将进一步加大，缺水主要发生在永定河流域。水资源供给以地下水源为主，再生水的供给呈逐渐增加趋势。农业是主要用水大户，且未来农业用水量呈下降趋势。针对未来张家口水资源利用格局，提出水资源可持续利用对策，以期为经济社会与生态环境保护协调发展提供支撑。

关键词:

English

Study on water resources optimization allocation and its sustainability development in Zhangjiakou

HAN Yan^1,2,
ZHANG Xiaoling³

1.
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3.
College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Received Date: 2020-01-31
Accepted Date: 2020-05-31
Available Online: 2020-06-30
Publish Date: 2020-07-14

Abstract: Water scarcity is an important constrict factor for economy development and eco-environment protection in Zhangjiakou. In this paper, based on analysis of water resources system in Zhangjiakou, a multi-source water coordination allocation model has been established, which combining water quality and water quantity. The maximum economy benefit as objective function, the maximum available water and minimum water requirement as constricts, the water resources optimization allocation model has been carried out. After meet the water requirement of eco-environment, the water resources has been distributed by using the model under different frequency in different planning years. The results indicate the ration of water shortage respectively are 11.6%, 12.5% in 2025 and 2030, and the water scarcity would be increased during dry year or very dry year. The water shortage mainly occurred in Haihe river basin. The underground water is main source for water supply, and utilization of reclaimed water is gradually increasing. The main water user is agriculture sector in Zhangjiakou, and the water use by agriculture is gradually decreasing. The sustainability development measure have been proposed for water exploitation of Zhangjiakou in the future, which provides a support for harmonious development between eco-society and environment protection.

Keywords:

HTML全文

参考文献

[1]	MASSE P. Reserves and Regulation of the Future In the Economic life. Germany: Hermann & Aachen, 1946.
[2]	华士乾. 水资源系统分析指南. 北京: 水利水电出版社, 1988. HUA S Q. The Manual of Water Resources System Analysis. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 1988.
[3]	王浩, 游进军. 中国水资源配置30年. 水利学报, 2016, 47(3): 265-271. WANG H, YOU J J. Study on prediction of ungagged basins: A case study on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016, 47(3): 265-271.
[4]	桑学锋, 赵勇, 翟正丽, 何凡, 周祖昊. 水资源通用配置与模拟软件GWAS使用手册与实例教程. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2019. SANG X F, ZHAO Y, ZHAI Z L, HE F, ZHOU Z H. Instruction Manual and Case Tutorial of Water Resources General Allocation and Simulation Software GWAS. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2019.
[5]	TANG D S. Optimal allocation of water resources in large river basins: II Application to Yellow River Basin. Water Resources Management, 1995, 9(1): 53-66. doi: 10.1007/BF00877389
[6]	MARTINSEN G, LIU S X, MO X G, BAUER-GOTTWEIN P. Optimizing water resources allocation in the Haihe River basin under groundwater sustainability constraints. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(6): 935-958. doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1638-6
[7]	王浩, 游进军. 水资源合理配置研究历程与进展. 水利学报, 2008, 39(10): 1168-1175. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.10.003 WANG H. YOU J J. Advancements and development course of research on water resources deployment. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008, 39(10): 1168-1175. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.10.003
[8]	牛存稳, 贾仰文, 王浩, 高辉. 黄河流域水质水量水质综合模拟与评价. 人民黄河, 2007, 29(11): 58-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2007.11.027 NIU C W, JIA Y W, WANG H, GAO H. The modeling and evaluation of water quality and quantity in Yellow River basin. Yellow River, 2007, 29(11): 58-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2007.11.027
[9]	董增川, 卞戈亚, 王船海, 李大勇. 基于数值模拟的区域水量水质联合调度研究. 水科学进展, 2009, 20(2): 184-189. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2009.02.005 DONG Z C, BIAN G Y, WANG C H, LI D Y. Joint operation of water quantity and quality based on numerical model. Advances in Water Science, 2009, 20(2): 184-189. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2009.02.005
[10]	张克阳, 李春光. 张家口市水资源现状分析. 河海水利, 2010(6): 10-11. ZHANG K Y, LI C G. Analysis of water resources current situation in Zhangjiakou. Hohai water resources, 2010(6): 10-11.
[11]	张克阳, 苏亮, 班富孝. 张家口市水资源优化配置探讨. 现代农业科技, 2010(14): 235-237. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2010.14.152 ZHANG K Y, SU L, BAN F X. Discussion of water resources reasonable allocation in Zhangjiakou. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010(14): 235-237. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2010.14.152
[12]	张士锋, 贾绍凤. 海河流域水量平衡与水资源安全问题研究. 自然资源学报, 2003, 18(6): 684-691. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2003.06.006 ZHANG S F, JIA S F. Water balance and water security study in the Haihe basin. Journal of natural resources, 2003, 18(6): 684-691. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2003.06.006
[13]	李全. 张家口水资源与可持续发展战略的优化配置. 河北水利水电技术, 1999(4): 35-36. LI Q. Optimal allocation of water resources and sustainability development strategy. Hebei Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 1999(4): 35-36.
[14]	张家口市水文水资源勘测局. 河北省张家口市水资源评价报告. 2008. Zhangjiakou Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau. Evaluation Report of Water Resources in Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province. 2008.
[15]	张家口市水务局. 张家口市水利综合统计年报. 2002–2015. Zhangjiakou Water Supply Bureau. Annual statistical report of hydraulic in Zhangjiakou. 2002–2015.
[16]	河北省水利厅. 河北省水资源公报. 2004–2015. Hebei Water Conservancy Department. Water Resources Bulletin of Hebei Province. 2004–2015.
[17]	张家口市人民政府. 张家口首都水源涵养功能区和生态环境支撑区建设规划. 2019 Zhangjiakou Municipal People’s Government. Construction Planning of Water Resources Conservation and Ecology Environment of Capital in Zhangjiakou. 2019
[18]	张家口统计局. 张家口经济统计年鉴. 2016. Zhangjiakou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Zhangjiakou Economy Yearbook. 2016.
[19]	张家口市人民政府. 张家口市国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要. 2016–2020. Zhangjiakou Municipal People’s Government. The 13th Five-year Plan of National Economic and Social Development in Zhangjiakou . 2016–2020.

图 1 张家口行政区位图

Figure 1. Location and administrative region of Zhangjiakou

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 张家口水资源系统网络概化图

计算单元编码规则按照从左到右第 1 位数字表示流域代码 (依次为永定河、潮白河、内陆河、滦河、大清河)，第 2、3 位数字表示所在的县级行政区代码，第 4 位数字表示水系分区与行政分区叠加后的上下游关系。

Figure 2. Conceptual diagram of water resources system net in Zhangjiakou

The cell coding rules follow the first digit table from left to right The basin code is Yongding River, Chaobai River, Inland River and Luanhe River, Daqing River), the second and third digits represent the county level administration Area code, the fourth digit represents the superposition of water system division and administrative division After the upstream and downstream relationship.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 水资源优化配置流程图

Figure 3. Flow diagram of water resources optimization allocation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 规划水平年张家口用水结构优化前后比较

Table 1 The comparison of water utilization structure between optimized and un-optimized in Zhangjiakou during planning level year

情景 Scene	规划水平年 Planning level year	生活用水 Domestic water use	工业用水 Industrial water use	农业用水 Agricultural water use	生态环境补水 Eco-environment water use
未优化 Un-optimized	2025	13.0%	16.3%	69.2%	1.5%
未优化 Un-optimized	2030	13.9%	17.7%	66.8%	1.6%
优化后 Optimized	2025	14.7%	17.0%	66.6%	1.7%
优化后 Optimized	2030	15.9%	18.5%	63.8%	1.9%

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2025年张家口主要流域水资源配置结果

Table 2 Results of water resources allocation in main river basin of Zhangjiakou in 2025

分区 Watershed	频率 Frequency	总需水 Total water demand/ (× 10⁴m³)	供水量 Water supply/(× 10⁴ m³)				用水量 Water consumption/(× 10⁴m³)					缺水率 Water deficit/%
分区 Watershed	频率 Frequency	总需水 Total water demand/ (× 10⁴m³)	地表水 Surface water	地下水 Ground water	再生水 Reclaimed water	合计 Total	生活 Domestic	工业 Industry	农业 Agricul ture	生态环境 Eco-environ ment	合计 Total	缺水率 Water deficit/%
永定河 Yongding River basin	多年平均 Mean annual	85 135	32 891	39 076	2 086	74 052	11 184	12233	49 161	1 474	74 052	13.0
	75%	96 045	38 605	38 245	2 086	78 936	11 184	12083	54 194	1 474	78 936	17.8
	95%	109 683	44 541	37 161	2 086	83 788	11 184	11765	59 365	1 474	83 788	23.6
内陆河 Inland river basin	多年平均 Mean annual	14 724	1 271	12 250	325	13 846	1 735	2918	9 137	56	13 846	6.0
	75%	16 541	1 468	12 800	325	14 594	1 735	2918	9 884	56	14 594	11.8
	95%	18 814	1 519	13 334	325	15 178	1 735	2918	10 469	56	15 178	19.3
潮白河 Chaobai River basin	多年平均 Mean annual	5 066	340	4 368	0	4 708	857	866	2 926	59	4 708	7.1
	75%	5 648	498	4 583	0	5 081	857	866	3 299	59	5 081	10.0
	95%	6 375	731	4 784	0	5 515	857	866	3 732	59	5 515	13.5
大清河 Daqing River basin	多年平均 Mean annual	225	4	221	0	225	66	0	159	0	225	0.1
	75%	235	5	228	0	234	66	0	168	0	234	0.5
	95%	247	0	236	0	236	66	0	170	0	236	4.5
滦河 Luan River basin	多年平均 Mean annual	1 327	130	1 197	0	1 327	57	13	1257	0	1 327	0.0
	75%	1 571	272	1 298	0	1 571	57	13	1501	0	1 571	0.0
	95%	1 875	483	1 392	0	1 875	57	13	1805	0	1 875	0.0
全市 Zhangjiakou	多年平均 Mean annual	106 477	34 635	57 112	2 411	94 159	13 899	16030	62 640	1 590	94 159	11.6
	75%	120 040	40 849	57 156	2 411	100 416	13 899	15881	69 047	1 590	100 416	16.3
	95%	136 995	47 274	56 907	2 411	106 592	13 899	15562	75 542	1 590	106 592	22.2

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 2030年张家口主要流域水资源配置结果

Table 3 Results of water resources allocation in main river basin of Zhangjiakou in 2030

分区 Watershed	频率 Frequency	总需水 Total water demand/ (× 10⁴m³)	供水量 Water supply/(× 10⁴m³)				用水量 Water Consumption/(× 10⁴m³)					缺水率 Water deficit/%
分区 Watershed	频率 Frequency	总需水 Total water demand/ (× 10⁴m³)	地表水 Surface water	地下水 Ground water	再生水 Reclaimed water	合计 Total	生活 Domestic	工业 Industry	农业 Agricul ture	生态环境 Eco-environ ment	合计 Total	缺水率 Water deficit/%
永定河 Yongding river basin	多年平均 Mean annual	87 909	33 594	39 164	2 686	75 444	12 272	13 583	47 905	1 684	75 444	14.2
	75%	98 497	38 890	38 267	2 686	79 843	12 272	13 433	52 454	1 684	79 843	18.9
	95%	111 733	44 573	37 175	2 686	84 434	12 272	12 940	57 538	1 684	84 434	24.4
内陆河 Inland river basin	多年平均 Mean annual	14 863	1 277	12 446	325	14 048	1 879	3 249	8 862	57	14 048	5.5
	75%	16 614	1 481	12 977	325	14 783	1 879	3 249	9 598	57	14 783	11.0
	95%	18 803	1 515	13 484	325	15 324	1 879	3 249	10 138	57	15 324	18.5
潮白河 Chaobai river basin	多年平均 Mean annual	5 027	327	4 364	0	4 691	917	835	2 878	60	4 691	6.7
	75%	5 596	480	4 578	0	5 057	917	835	3 245	60	5 057	9.6
	95%	6 307	709	4 777	0	5 486	917	835	3 673	60	5 486	13.0
大清河 Daqing river basin	多年平均 Mean annual	226	4	222	0	226	70	0	156	0	226	0.0
	75%	236	5	229	0	234	70	0	165	0	234	0.5
	95%	248	0	237	0	237	70	0	167	0	237	4.3
滦河 Luan river basin	多年平均 Mean annual	1 291	111	1 180	0	1 291	61	12	1 218	0	1 291	0.0
	75%	1 527	245	1 282	0	1 527	61	12	1 453	0	1 527	0.0
	95%	1 821	441	1 380	0	1 821	61	12	1 748	0	1 821	0.0
全市 Zhangjiakou	多年平均 Mean annual	109 316	35 313	57 376	3 011	95 700	15 198	17 679	61 020	1 802	95 700	12.5
	75%	122 470	41 101	57 333	3 011	101 445	15 198	17 530	66 915	1 802	101 445	17.2
	95%	138 912	47 238	57 053	3 011	107 301	15 198	17 036	73 265	1 802	107 301	22.8

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	MASSE P. Reserves and Regulation of the Future In the Economic life. Germany: Hermann & Aachen, 1946.
[2]	华士乾. 水资源系统分析指南. 北京: 水利水电出版社, 1988. HUA S Q. The Manual of Water Resources System Analysis. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 1988.
[3]	王浩, 游进军. 中国水资源配置30年. 水利学报, 2016, 47(3): 265-271. WANG H, YOU J J. Study on prediction of ungagged basins: A case study on the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2016, 47(3): 265-271.
[4]	桑学锋, 赵勇, 翟正丽, 何凡, 周祖昊. 水资源通用配置与模拟软件GWAS使用手册与实例教程. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2019. SANG X F, ZHAO Y, ZHAI Z L, HE F, ZHOU Z H. Instruction Manual and Case Tutorial of Water Resources General Allocation and Simulation Software GWAS. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2019.
[5]	TANG D S. Optimal allocation of water resources in large river basins: II Application to Yellow River Basin. Water Resources Management, 1995, 9(1): 53-66. doi: 10.1007/BF00877389
[6]	MARTINSEN G, LIU S X, MO X G, BAUER-GOTTWEIN P. Optimizing water resources allocation in the Haihe River basin under groundwater sustainability constraints. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(6): 935-958. doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1638-6
[7]	王浩, 游进军. 水资源合理配置研究历程与进展. 水利学报, 2008, 39(10): 1168-1175. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.10.003 WANG H. YOU J J. Advancements and development course of research on water resources deployment. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008, 39(10): 1168-1175. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2008.10.003
[8]	牛存稳, 贾仰文, 王浩, 高辉. 黄河流域水质水量水质综合模拟与评价. 人民黄河, 2007, 29(11): 58-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2007.11.027 NIU C W, JIA Y W, WANG H, GAO H. The modeling and evaluation of water quality and quantity in Yellow River basin. Yellow River, 2007, 29(11): 58-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2007.11.027
[9]	董增川, 卞戈亚, 王船海, 李大勇. 基于数值模拟的区域水量水质联合调度研究. 水科学进展, 2009, 20(2): 184-189. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2009.02.005 DONG Z C, BIAN G Y, WANG C H, LI D Y. Joint operation of water quantity and quality based on numerical model. Advances in Water Science, 2009, 20(2): 184-189. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2009.02.005
[10]	张克阳, 李春光. 张家口市水资源现状分析. 河海水利, 2010(6): 10-11. ZHANG K Y, LI C G. Analysis of water resources current situation in Zhangjiakou. Hohai water resources, 2010(6): 10-11.
[11]	张克阳, 苏亮, 班富孝. 张家口市水资源优化配置探讨. 现代农业科技, 2010(14): 235-237. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2010.14.152 ZHANG K Y, SU L, BAN F X. Discussion of water resources reasonable allocation in Zhangjiakou. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010(14): 235-237. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2010.14.152
[12]	张士锋, 贾绍凤. 海河流域水量平衡与水资源安全问题研究. 自然资源学报, 2003, 18(6): 684-691. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2003.06.006 ZHANG S F, JIA S F. Water balance and water security study in the Haihe basin. Journal of natural resources, 2003, 18(6): 684-691. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.2003.06.006
[13]	李全. 张家口水资源与可持续发展战略的优化配置. 河北水利水电技术, 1999(4): 35-36. LI Q. Optimal allocation of water resources and sustainability development strategy. Hebei Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 1999(4): 35-36.
[14]	张家口市水文水资源勘测局. 河北省张家口市水资源评价报告. 2008. Zhangjiakou Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau. Evaluation Report of Water Resources in Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province. 2008.
[15]	张家口市水务局. 张家口市水利综合统计年报. 2002–2015. Zhangjiakou Water Supply Bureau. Annual statistical report of hydraulic in Zhangjiakou. 2002–2015.
[16]	河北省水利厅. 河北省水资源公报. 2004–2015. Hebei Water Conservancy Department. Water Resources Bulletin of Hebei Province. 2004–2015.
[17]	张家口市人民政府. 张家口首都水源涵养功能区和生态环境支撑区建设规划. 2019 Zhangjiakou Municipal People’s Government. Construction Planning of Water Resources Conservation and Ecology Environment of Capital in Zhangjiakou. 2019
[18]	张家口统计局. 张家口经济统计年鉴. 2016. Zhangjiakou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Zhangjiakou Economy Yearbook. 2016.
[19]	张家口市人民政府. 张家口市国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要. 2016–2020. Zhangjiakou Municipal People’s Government. The 13th Five-year Plan of National Economic and Social Development in Zhangjiakou . 2016–2020.

1.	李英英. 河北省水资源现状及优化配置利用研究. 清洗世界. 2023(01): 149-151 . 百度学术
2.	孙凯悦，牛最荣，王建旺，张小艳. 面向供水对象转型的引大入秦工程水资源优化配置研究. 水资源与水工程学报. 2023(03): 93-100 . 百度学术
3.	卢瑶，马真臻，贺华翔，谢新民，顾艳玲. 基于缺水量与保证率“双控”的水资源优化配置模型及应用. 水利水电技术(中英文). 2023(08): 91-103 . 百度学术
4.	张佳磊，李彦学，刘德富，周小国，丁一凡，曾一恒，张文祺. 张家口市各区县用水结构时空演变及其驱动因素分析. 水资源保护. 2023(06): 145-151+177 . 百度学术
5.	图布新. 乌鲁木齐地区水资源优化配置分析. 能源与节能. 2021(09): 99-100+124 . 百度学术
6.	裴宏伟，张红娟，李雅丽，刘孟竹，肖雨霄，王飞枭. 中国北方城市草坪蒸散特征及影响因素研究——以河北张家口市某早熟禾草坪为例. 节水灌溉. 2021(11): 1-6 . 百度学术
7.	赵伟，张晓辉，张文，刘鹏，贾新颖. 河北省地表水开发利用现状及优化配置利用研究. 水利规划与设计. 2021(12): 1-4+26 . 百度学术

其他类型引用(5)

资源附件(0)

图(3) / 表(3)

计量

PDF下载量:
文章访问数:
HTML全文浏览量:
被引次数: 12

张家口水资源优化配置与可持续利用研究

English

Study on water resources optimization allocation and its sustainability development in Zhangjiakou

参考文献

期刊类型引用(7)

其他类型引用(5)

计量

目录

参考文献

张家口水资源优化配置与可持续利用研究

English

Study on water resources optimization allocation and its sustainability development in Zhangjiakou

参考文献

期刊类型引用(7)

其他类型引用(5)

计量

文章相关

目录

参考文献