围封对藏北高寒草原土壤矿质元素和群落特征的影响
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图 1 各采样年份矿质常量元素含量
不同大写字母表示围栏内外差异显著(P < 0.05)，不同小写字母表示不同年份间差异显著(P < 0.05)；图2、图4同。
Figure 1. Mineral macronutrient contents in each sampling year
Different capital letters indicate significant differences between within and outside fences for the same sampling year at the 0.05 level; and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different sampling years within or outside fences at the 0.05 level; this is applicable for Figure 2 and Figure 4 as well.
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图 3 各样地围栏内外矿质元素含量统计
*和**分别表示同一样地围栏内外差异显著(P < 0.05)和极显著(P < 0.01)；ns表示差异不显著(P > 0.05)；图5、图6同。
Figure 3. Mineral element contents inside and outside the fences of each site
* and ** indicate significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively; ns indicates non-significant differences at the 0.05 level, for a given element between within and outside fences; this is applicable for Figure 5 and Figure 6 as well.
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图 4 各采样年份地上生物量及Shannon-Wiener 指数
Figure 4. Aboveground biomass and Shannon-Wiener index in each sampling year
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图 5 各样地围栏内外地上生物量及Shannon-Wiener 指数
Figure 5. Aboveground biomass and Shannon-Wiener index inside and outside the fences of each site
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图 6 气候因子、群落特征与土壤矿质元素之间的相关系数矩阵图
GST：生长季气温；GSP：生长季降水；AGB：地上生物量；Shannon：香农-威纳指数；*和**分别表示相关性在0.05和0.01水平显著；图7、图8同。
Figure 6. Correlation coefficient matrix of climatic variables, plant community regimes and soil mineral elements
GST: growing season temperature; GSP: growing season precipitation; AGB: aboveground biomass; Shannon: Shannon-Wiener index; * and ** indicate significant correlations at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively; this is applicable for Figure 7 and Figure 8 as well.
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图 7 地上生物量与气候变量和土壤矿质元素的关系
Figure 7. Relationships of aboveground with climatic variables and soil mineral element contents
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图 8 Shannon-Wiener 指数与气候变量和土壤矿质元素的关系
Figure 8. Relationships of the Shannon-Wiener index with climatic variables and soil mineral element contents
表 1 研究区域概况
Table 1 Information of study area
样地
Plot处理
Treatment经度
Longitude
(E)纬度
Latitude
(N)海拔
Altitude/
m年均气温
Annual mean
temperature/
℃年均降水
Annual mean
Precipitation/
mm生长季气温
Growing season
temperature/
℃生长季降水量
Growing season
precipitation/
mm北拉镇
Beila Town围封 Fenced 90°48′5.81″ 31°24′41.37″ 4603 0.166 461.0 7.544 403.4 放牧 Grazed 90°48′8.18″ 31°24′41.07″ 4608 普保镇
Pubao Town围封 Fenced 90°18′43.46″ 31°23′39.58″ 4590 0.196 423.6 7.723 382.5 放牧 Grazed 90°18′41.96″ 31°23′39.00″ 4596 
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表 2 围栏、样地、年份及其交互作用对土壤矿质元素影响的混合效应模型分析
Table 2 Effects of fencing, site, year, and their interactions on soil mineral elements from mixed-effect model analysis
因素 Factor F/P 钙 Ca 铜 Cu 铁 Fe 镁 Mg 锰 Mn 锌 Zn 围栏 Fence F 34.26 5.72 0.75 9.90 2.78 0.03 P < 0.01 0.02 0.39 < 0.01 0.10 0.85 样地 Site F 0.79 4.42 0.57 2.42 0.79 0.12 P 0.38 0.04 0.45 0.13 0.38 0.73 年份 Year F 0.23 2.10 2.65 2.31 3.86 0.12 P 0.87 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.02 0.95 围栏 × 样地 Fence × site F 30.96 62.26 0.55 19.29 2.32 2.94 P < 0.01 < 0.01 0.46 < 0.01 0.14 0.09 围栏 × 年份 Fence × year F 9.08 20.44 2.41 10.28 1.11 1.19 P < 0.01 < 0.01 0.08 < 0.01 0.36 0.33 样地 × 年份 Site × year F 0.11 0.29 0.25 0.31 0.23 0.00 P 0.95 0.83 0.86 0.82 0.88 1.00 围栏 × 样地 × 年份 Fence × site × year F 5.37 30.08 3.00 2.70 3.85 1.89 P < 0.01 < 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.15
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表 3 围栏、样地、年份及其交互作用对群落特征影响的混合效应模型分析
Table 3 Effects of fencing, site, year, and their interactions on plant community characteristics from mixed-effect model analysis
因素
Factor地上生物量
Aboveground biomassShannon-Wiener指数
Shannon-Wiener indexF P F P 围栏 Fence (F) 34.26 < 0.01 1.57 0.21 样地 Site (S) 0.77 0.39 0.44 0.51 年份 Year (Y) 0.23 0.88 0.93 0.43 F × S 30.96 < 0.01 0.16 0.69 F × Y 9.08 < 0.01 3.39 0.02 S × Y 0.11 0.95 0.35 0.79 F × S × Y 5.37 < 0.01 2.48 0.07
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表 4 地上生物量和物种多样性的协方差分析
Table 4 Results of ANCOVA models for above-ground biomass and biodiversity
自变量
Independent variables地上生物量 Above-ground biomass Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index Sum Sq F P Sum Sq F P 围栏 Fence 47.164 0.184 0.675 0.048 0.736 0.408 钙 Ca 542.507 2.117 0.171 0.009 0.143 0.712 围栏 × 钙 Fence × Ca 253.450 0.989 0.340 0.001 0.015 0.904 围栏 Fence 306.279 1.287 0.279 0.019 0.318 0.583 铜 Cu 137.543 0.578 0.462 0.031 0.511 0.488 围栏 × 铜 Fence × Cu 618.012 2.597 0.133 0.071 1.172 0.300 围栏 Fence 278.314 0.972 0.344 0.036 0.645 0.438 铁 Fe 195.176 0.681 0.425 0.119 2.157 0.168 围栏 × 铁 Fence × Fe 6.929 0.024 0.879 0.031 0.556 0.470 围栏 Fence 73.961 0.366 0.556 0.019 0.282 0.605 镁 Mg 1107.643 5.485 0.037 0.017 0.249 0.627 围栏 × 镁 Fence × Mg 312.639 1.548 0.237 0.000 0.000 0.993 围栏 Fence 298.465 1.074 0.320 0.045 0.869 0.370 锰 Mn 159.032 0.572 0.464 0.154 2.974 0.110 围栏 × 锰 Fence × Mn 125.275 0.451 0.515 0.026 0.506 0.491 围栏 Fence 244.497 0.891 0.364 0.029 0.684 0.424 锌 Zn 0.396 0.001 0.970 0.097 2.268 0.158 围栏 × 锌 Fence × Zn 379.778 1.384 0.262 0.206 4.807 0.049 自变量自由度均为1。
The degree of freedom of each independent variable is 1.
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