甜高粱青贮替代玉米青贮对肉羊血液生理生化及抗氧化指标的影响

王斐; 何振富; 陈平; 谢建鹏; 贺春贵

doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2022-0329

甜高粱青贮替代玉米青贮对肉羊血液生理生化及抗氧化指标的影响

甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070

基金项目: 甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2020GAAS05)；甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2021GAAS45)；嘉峪关市科技计划项目(21-24)；甘肃省青年科技人才托举工程项目(2020-05)

摘要:

以50只健康小尾寒羊为研究对象，随机分为5组，每组10头，分别以0 (对照组)、25%、50%、75%、100% (以干物质计)甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)青贮替代玉米(Zea mays)青贮，饲喂90 d后测定其生长性能、血液生理生化指标及血清抗氧化指标，旨在探明甜高粱青贮以不同比例替代玉米青贮对肉羊健康水平的影响。结果显示：1)以甜高粱替代不同比例玉米青贮对肉羊平均日增重和日均采食量无显著影响(P> 0.05 )。2)不同处理对各组肉羊血液生理指标无显著影响；经90 d试验期后各组的中性粒细胞比率和中间细胞比率、25%组的白细胞总数、对照组和25%～75%组的血小板总数及75%组的血小板比容均较第1 天显著降低(P < 0.05 )。对照组、25%组和75%组的淋巴细胞比率及25%组和50%组的红细胞总数均较第1天显著升高。3)各组血清谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均高于参考范围值；对照组的谷草转氨酶活性显著高于其他组且其他组间差异不显著；对照组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于50%组和100%组；75%组的白蛋白显著低于25%组，但肌酐含量显著高于25%组；其他指标各组间均无显著差异。4) 50%组的过氧化氢酶活性、100%组的超氧化物歧化酶活性和75%组的总抗氧化能力均显著高于对照组；各组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛水平无显著差异。综上所述，以甜高粱青贮替代玉米青贮能够在一定程度上改善血清生化指标，有效保护其肝脏和肾脏，同时可提高肉羊机体抗氧化能力。

关键词:

English

Effect of sweet sorghum silage replacing maize silage on blood physiology, serum biochemical, and serum antioxidant indexes of sheep

Animal Husbandry-Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received Date: 2022-04-19
Accepted Date: 2022-09-05
Available Online: 2023-04-09

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of substituting sweet sorghum silage with maize silage in different proportions on sheep health. Fifty healthy sheep were randomly divided into five groups with 10 sheep in each group. Maize silage was replaced with 0 (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% sweet sorghum silage. Blood physiology and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices of the sheep were determined after feeding for 90 d. The results showed that: 1) substituting sweet sorghum silage with maize silage had no significant effect on daily weight gain and average daily feed intake in sheep, and 2) different treatments had no significant negative effect on the blood physiological indexes of sheep. After 90 d of the experiment, neutrophil ratio(NEUT%) and intermediate cell ratio(MID%) in all groups, white blood cell(WBC) in the 25% group, platelet(PLT) in the control group and 25% group, and platelet hematocrit(PCT) in 25%, 50%, and 75% groups, respectively, were significantly lower than those at the beginning, while lymphocyte ratio(LYM%) in the control group, 25%, and 75% groups, as well as red blood cell(RBC) of 25% and 50% groups, were significantly increased. 3) Serum aspartate transaminase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels were significantly higher than normal. AST activity in the control group was significantly higher than that in the other groups, with no significant differences among the groups, and the lowest AST activity was observed in the 75% group. The ALP levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in the 50% and 100% groups, and the lowest AST activity was observed in the 100% group. albumin(ALB) and creatinine(CRE) levels in the 75% group were significantly different from those in the 25% group. There were no significant differences in other indices among the groups. 4) The catalase activity(CAT) in the 50% group, total superoxide disumutase(T-SOD) activity in the 100% group, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 75% group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were no significant differences in the glutathione peroxidase activity(GSH-Px) or malonaldehyde(MDA) content between the groups. In conclusion, substituting corn silage with sweet sorghum silage can improve serum biochemical indices to a certain extent, effectively protect the liver and kidneys, and improve the antioxidant capacity of mutton sheep.

Keywords:

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参考文献

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表 1 青贮饲料营养水平(风干基础)

Table 1 Nutrient level of the silage roughage (air-dried basis)

营养水平 Nutrient level	玉米青贮 Silage maize	甜高粱青贮 Silage sorghum
消化能 Diet energy/(MJ·kg⁻¹)	11.71	10.69
干物质 Dry matter/%	32.10	27.70
粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	10.40	7.65
粗脂肪 Ether extract/%	3.23	3.31
粗灰分 Ash/%	10.9	5.4
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber/%	22.5	38.5
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber/%	36.2	55.9
消化能为计算值，计算方法参考NRC (2007)；其余为实测值。下同。　The DE was a calculated value referenced from the NRC (2007), whereas the other values were measured. This is applicable for the following figures and tables as well.

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表 2 不同批精饲料组成及营养水平(风干基础)

Table 2 Composition and nutrient level of the concentrate feed (air-dried basis)

原料 Ingredient	第1批 First batch	第2批 Second batch	第3批 Third batch
饲料配方 Dietary formula
玉米 Corn/%	34.00	38.00	65.00
麸皮 Bran/%	6.00	8.85	3.88
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal/%	5.00	9.00	4.00
豆粕 Soybean meal/%	28.00	15.00	12.50
次粉 Wheat middling/%	20.85	23.00	8.50
小苏打 NaHCO₃/%	1.00	1.00	1.00
食盐 NaCl/%	0.15	0.15	0.12
预混料 Premix/%	5.00	5.00	5.00
合计 Total	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels
粗蛋白质 Crude protein/%	22.60	23.90	17.20
粗脂肪 Ether extract/%	2.31	1.69	2.11
粗灰分 Ash/%	6.02	9.97	6.29
酸性洗涤纤维　Acid detergent fiber/%	7.60	10.60	6.40
中性洗涤纤维　Neutral detergent fiber/%	14.20	18.40	13.00
消化能　Diet energy/(MJ·kg⁻¹)	14.08	12.95	14.55
预混料为每千克精料提供：维生素A，80 000～120 000 IU；维生素D₃，10 000～80 000 IU；维生素E，150～1 500 mg；碘，8～35 mg；硒，3～10 mg；钴，2～20 mg；锰，150～800 mg；铁，200～2 000 mg；锌，600～2 400 mg；铜，70～300 mg；钙，6%～24%；磷，1.5%～5.0%；氯化钠，6%～24%；水分 ≤ 10%。　The premix provided the following per kg of the concentrate feed: VA, 80 000～120 000 IU; VD₃, 10 000～80 000 IU; VE, 150～1 500 mg; I, 8～35 mg; Se, 3～10 mg; Co, 2～20 mg; Mn, 150～800 mg; Fe, 200～2 000 mg; Zn, 600～2 400 mg; Cu, 70～300 mg; Ca, 6%～24%; P, 1.5%～5.0%; NaCl, 6%～24%; moisture ≤ 10%.

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表 3 肉羊不同育肥阶段日增重

Table 3 Average daily gain of sheep in different fattening stages

项目 Item	组别 Group
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
初重 Original weight/kg	23.69 ± 2.24	25.98 ± 1.58	26.81 ± 1.48	23.75 ± 2.35	23.20 ± 3.24
末重 Terminal weight/kg	41.78 ± 3.16	43.68 ± 1.29	46.25 ± 1.54	42.06 ± 3.12	42.35 ± 4.36
日增重 ADG/(g·d⁻¹)	217.92 ± 12.08	213.25 ± 13.50	234.19 ± 13.92	220.63 ± 10.94	230.72 ± 15.74
日均采食量/(g·d⁻¹)	1232.84 ± 113.88	1267.32 ± 26.11	1236.43 ± 97.50	1166.68 ± 128.52	1186.67 ± 116.24
料重比 (F/D)	5.65 ± 0.24ab	5.97 ± 0.50a	5.29 ± 0.42ab	5.28 ± 0.34ab	5.15 ± 0.40b
Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ分别表示以0%、25%、50%、75%和100%甜高粱青贮替代玉米青贮处理；同行不同小写字母表示不同组别间差异显著(P < 0.05)。下表同。　ADF, daily weight gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; F/D: feed to gain raio; Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ indicated the treatment that maize silage were replaced with 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% sweet sorgum silage. Different lowercase letters within the same row indicate significant differences among different groups at the 0.05 level; this is applicable for the following tables as well.

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表 4 各组肉羊血液生理指标

Table 4 Blood physiological indexes of sheep in different groups

项目 Item	组别 Group					参考范围^[13] Reference range^[13]
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	参考范围^[13] Reference range^[13]
白细胞数(WBC) White blood cell count /(× 10⁹个·L⁻¹)	6.53 ± 1.13	6.97 ± 0.46	7.97 ± 0.76	7.56 ± 2.84	5.32 ± 1.77	4～12
中性粒细胞数(NEUT) Neutrophil count/(× 10⁹个·L⁻¹)	4.83 ± 1.80	5.40 ± 2.10	5.70 ± 0.65	5.85 ± 1.79	3.73 ± 1.50	0.7～6
中性粒细胞比率(NEUT%) Neutrophilic granulocyte percentage/%	12.08 ± 1.89	11.88 ± 2.37	15.33 ± 2.44	14.98 ± 4.57	13.25 ± 2.55	10～50
淋巴细胞(LYM) Lymphocyte count/(× 10⁹个·L⁻¹)	5.48 ± 0.91	5.90 ± 0.24	6.32 ± 0.44	6.00 ± 2.25	4.43 ± 1.56	2～9
淋巴细胞比率(LYM%) Lymphocyte percentage/%	63.85 ± 2.23	63.98 ± 2.85	60.13 ± 2.87	59.03 ± 3.73	62.73 ± 2.80	40～75
中间细胞数(MID) Intermediate cell count/(× 10⁹个·L⁻¹)	1.68 ± 0.21	1.25 ± 0.25	1.53 ± 0.51	1.68 ± 0.39	1.75 ± 0.31	0～2.05
中间细胞比率(MID%) Intermediate cell percentage/%	4.08 ± 0.83	4.23 ± 0.53	5.88 ± 1.01	6.00 ± 2.35	4.03 ± 0.46	0～19
红细胞(RBC) Red cell count/(× 10¹²个·L⁻¹)	7.38 ± 0.96	7.89 ± 0.50	7.94 ± 0.56	7.89 ± 0.57	7.52 ± 0.94	9～15
血红蛋白(HGB) Hemoglobin/(g·L⁻¹)	14.15 ± 1.39	14.98 ± 0.69	15.85 ± 2.33	15.03 ± 0.90	14.20 ± 1.63	9～15
红细胞比容(HCT) Hematocrit value/%	29.45 ± 4.42	32.08 ± 7.57	32.00 ± 6.19	31.93 ± 2.60	30.45 ± 6.70	27～45
红细胞平均体积(MCV) Mean corpuscular volume /fL	39.98 ± 0.78	40.58 ± 1.22	40.25 ± 0.98	40.50 ± 0.47	40.48 ± 0.71	28～40
平均血红蛋白含量(MCH) Mean hemoglobin content/pg	10.25 ± 2.07	10.58 ± 4.29	10.95 ± 1.06	10.13 ± 2.54	10.33 ± 3.42	8～12
平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin/(g·L⁻¹)	324.75 ± 60.15	375.50 ± 93.47	338.50 ± 35.35	313.75 ± 66.07	319.75 ± 92.67	310～340
红细胞分布宽度-SD(RDW-SD) Red blood cell distribution width-SD/fL	39.05 ± 0.90	39.55 ± 1.83	38.55 ± 0.10	38.53 ± 0.15	39.50 ± 1.04	37～54
红细胞分布宽度-CV(RDW-CV) Red blood cell distribution width-CV/%	12.98 ± 0.45	13.13 ± 0.85	12.60 ± 0.33	12.53 ± 0.15	13.15 ± 0.79	11～15.5
血小板总数(PLT) Platelet count/(× 10⁹个·L⁻¹)	353.50 ± 40.58b	301.25 ± 30.67b	515.00 ± 28.30a	294.00 ± 94.36b	357.00 ± 44.28b	250～750
血小板平均体积(MPV) Mean platelet volume/fL	8.60 ± 2.23	7.80 ± 2.27	9.88 ± 1.73	7.28 ± 1.35	8.33 ± 2.10	7～12
血小板比容(PCT) Platelet hematocrit/%	0.34 ± 0.28	0.28 ± 0.37	0.54 ± 0.36	0.23 ± 0.21B	0.31 ± 0.40	0.1～9.99

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表 5 各组肉羊血清生化指标

Table 5 Serum biochemical indexes of sheep in different groups

项目 Item	组别 Group					参考范围^[13] Reference range^[13]
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	参考范围^[13] Reference range^[13]
总蛋白(TP) Total protein/(g·L⁻¹)	74.95 ± 2.71	78.20 ± 7.53	74.65 ± 6.20	72.10 ± 10.80	71.60 ± 3.67	59～78
白蛋白(ALB) Albumin/(g·L⁻¹)	37.38 ± 1.30a	38.05 ± 2.21a	35.63 ± 2.87ab	34.50 ± 1.65b	35.28 ± 1.48ab	27～37
球蛋白(GLOB) Globulin/(g·L⁻¹)	37.58 ± 1.68	40.15 ± 5.72	39.03 ± 4.25	37.60 ± 9.73	36.33 ± 4.83	32～50
谷丙转氨酶(ALT) Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/(U·L⁻¹)	17.75 ± 3.50	15.00 ± 4.40	19.00 ± 2.71	17.75 ± 2.75	18.75 ± 1.71	15～44
谷草转氨酶(AST) Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase/(U·L⁻¹)	151.25 ± 19.72a	134.50 ± 7.77b	136.00 ± 7.87b	126.50 ± 4.36b	130.00 ± 7.75b	49～123
碱性磷酸酶(ALP) Alkaline phosphatase/(U·L⁻¹)	441.00 ± 65.94a	415.00 ± 54.63ab	317.00 ± 59.25bc	354.50 ± 83.00abc	298.25 ± 73.72c	27～156
总胆固醇(TCHO) Total cholesterol/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.00 ± 0.48	1.70 ± 0.35	2.01 ± 0.65	1.85 ± 0.28	1.70 ± 0.39	1.1～2.3
尿素氮(UN) Urea nitrogen/(mmol·L⁻¹)	3.65 ± 0.83	3.19 ± 0.40	4.34 ± 0.72	3.93 ± 0.91	3.68 ± 0.88	3.7～9.3
肌酐(CREA) Creatinine/(μmol·L⁻¹)	83.49 ± 3.81ab	77.57 ± 17.75b	87.87 ± 9.45ab	100.06 ± 7.58a	83.72 ± 2.81ab	79.5～176.8
葡萄糖(GLU) Glucose/(mmol·L⁻¹)	4.46 ± 0.15	5.00 ± 0.64	4.77 ± 0.24	4.76 ± 0.65	4.50 ± 0.18	2.4～4.5
钙(Ca) Calcium/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.75 ± 0.09	2.76 ± 0.15	2.71 ± 0.20	2.67 ± 0.09	2.59 ± 0.07	2.3～2.9
磷(P) Phosphorus/(mmol·L⁻¹)	2.52 ± 0.71	2.32 ± 0.67	2.19 ± 0.15	3.22 ± 1.41	2.73 ± 0.40	1.3～2.4

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表 6 血清抗氧化指标

Table 6 Serum antioxidant indexes

项目 Item	组别 Group
项目 Item	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ
过氧化氢酶(CAT) Catalase/(U·mL⁻¹)	2.05 ± 0.07c	2.69 ± 0.14a	3.07 ± 0.11a	2.16 ± 0.17bc	2.59 ± 0.72ab
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) Superoxide dismutase/(U·mL⁻¹)	0.21 ± 0.01b	0.16 ± 0.02c	0.23 ± 0.01b	0.21 ± 0.01b	0.27 ± 0.01a
总抗氧化能力(T-AOC) Total antioxidant capacity/(U·mL⁻¹)	0.53 ± 0.05c	0.55 ± 0.03bc	0.56 ± 0.05bc	0.68 ± 0.03a	0.63 ± 0.03ab
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px) Glutathione peroxidase/(IU)	72.12 ± 28.58	74.42 ± 14.88	79.81 ± 11.35	81.32 ± 7.93	82.95 ± 23.65
丙二醛(MDA) Malonaldehyde/(nmol·mL⁻¹)	2.71 ± 0.95	2.35 ± 0.38	2.57 ± 0.98	2.62 ± 0.43	2.19 ± 0.35

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甜高粱青贮替代玉米青贮对肉羊血液生理生化及抗氧化指标的影响

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Effect of sweet sorghum silage replacing maize silage on blood physiology, serum biochemical, and serum antioxidant indexes of sheep

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