H2O2处理修复老化油莎豆的生理机制
油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)为一种新型多用途油料作物，但作为种子用的油莎豆块茎不耐贮藏，贮藏过程中种子活力迅速降低。本研究以自然老化的圆粒型油莎豆为试验材料，研究不同浓度H2O2 (0、0.01%、0.1%、1%、3%、5%)对老化油莎豆的修复效果。结果表明：H2O2处理能有效修复老化油莎豆，提高块茎活力，促进萌发，H2O2浓度为1%时修复效果最好，发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均显著升高(P < 0.05)，但平均发芽天数无显著变化( P > 0.05)，幼苗的农艺性状随H 2O2浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势。理化分析发现，经H2O2处理后，块茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量呈先升高后降低的趋势，丙二醛含量显著降低(P < 0.05)，淀粉酶含量呈先降低后上升的趋势，过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及赤霉素、脱落酸含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。灰色关联度分析发现，赤霉素是影响老化油莎豆修复效果的最重要因素。综上所述，H 2O2主要通过调节抗氧化酶及淀粉酶活性、丙二醛含量、渗透调节物质含量、内源激素水平以修复油莎豆老化块茎，促进块茎萌发及幼苗生长。
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图 1 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆幼苗生长的影响
Figure 1. Effects of H2O2treatment on the growth of agedCyperus esculentusseedlings
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图 2 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆萌发过程中抗氧化酶活性及MDA含量的影响
Figure 2. Effects of H2O2treatment on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content during germination of aged Cyperus esculentus
CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde.
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图 3 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆萌发过程中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量的影响
Figure 3. Effects of H2O2treatment on soluble protein and soluble sugar content during germination of agedCyperus esculentus
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图 4 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆萌发过程中淀粉酶活性的影响
Figure 4. Effect of H2O2treatment on amylase activity during germination of aged Cyperus esculentus
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图 5 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆萌发过程中GA3、ABA含量及GA3/ABA的影响
Figure 5. Effects of H2O2treatment on gibberellins (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) content and GA3/ABA during germination of aged Cyperus esculentus
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图 6 油莎豆老化修复调控机制示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the aging repair mechanism of Cyperus esculentus
表 1 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆萌发状况的影响
Table 1 Effect of H2O2treatment on the germination status of aged Cyperus esculentus
处理
Treatment
发芽率
Germination
percentage/%发芽势
Germination
potential/%发芽指数
Germination
index平均发芽天数
Average sprouting
days/dT0 (H2O) 8.33 ± 1.36Dd 8.33 ± 1.36Cd 1.07 ± 0.10Bd 6.50 ± 0.00Aa T1 (0.01% H2O2) 8.33 ± 1.36Dd 10.00 ± 2.36Cd 1.31 ± 0.02Bcd 6.40 ± 0.17Aa T2 (0.1% H2O2) 15.00 ± 0.00CDc 13.33 ± 1.36BCcd 2.66 ± 0.25Bbc 6.45 ± 0.18Aa T3 (1% H2O2) 33.33 ± 1.36Aa 33.33 ± 1.36Aa 5.98 ± 0.78Aa 6.24 ± 0.11Aa T4 (3% H2O2) 23.33 ± 2.72Bb 21.66 ± 3.60Bb 2.76 ± 0.29Bb 6.46 ± 0.10Aa T5 (5% H2O2) 18.33 ± 1.36BCbc 18.33 ± 1.36BCbc 2.32 ± 0.06Bbcd 6.16 ± 0.02Aa 同列不同大小写字母分别表示不同处理间差异极显著(P < 0.01)和显著( P < 0.05)。下同。
Different capital and lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences between the different treatments at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively. This is applicable for the following tables and figures as well.
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表 2 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆农艺性状的影响
Table 2 Effect of H2O2treatment on the agronomic traits of aged Cyperus esculentus
处理
Treatment芽长
Length of
bud/cm叶片数
Number of
blades根长
Length of
root/cm须根数
Fiber root
number根冠比
Root to shoot
ratio/%干物质转换率
Dry matter
conversion rate/%T0 (H2O2) 0.43 ± 0.35Dd 1.00 ± 0.82Dd 0.57 ± 0.46Dd 2.33 ± 2.91Cd 13.68 ± 11.17Bc 3.55 ± 1.56Cc T1 (0.01% H2O2) 7.80 ± 1.12Cc 5.33 ± 0.54ABCbc 3.97 ± 0.28Cc 25.33 ± 3.03Bb 42.30 ± 5.52ABbc 10.83 ± 2.00BCbc T2 (0.1% H2O2) 15.03 ± 1.09Bb 7.33 ± 0.72ABab 8.17 ± 0.46Bb 42.67 ± 2.60Aa 51.61 ± 3.34ABab 21.92 ± 1.57ABab T3 (1% H2O2) 21.27 ± 1.67Aa 8.00 ± 0.47Aa 12.30 ± 0.28Aa 49.67 ± 1.91Aa 79.82 ± 7.92Aa 30.04 ± 0.07Aa T4 (3% H2O2) 8.53 ± 0.55Cc 4.00 ± 0.82BCDc 3.87 ± 1.12Cc 17.33 ± 1.44Bc 52.42 ± 10.12ABab 8.63 ± 1.05BCc T5 (5% H2O2) 5.40 ± 0.69Cc 3.00 ± 0.47CDcd 0.90 ± 0.22Dd 6.00 ± 1.25Cd 27.31 ± 11.27Bbc 4.21 ± 0.75Cc
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表 3 H2O2处理对老化油莎豆修复的生理生化指标灰色关联度分析
Table 3 Grey correlation analysis of the physiological and biochemical indexes of H2O2 treatment for the repair of aged Cyperus esculentus
指标
Index关联系数 Correlation coefficient 关联度
Correlation
degree排序
OrderT0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 超氧化物歧化酶
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)0.02 0.66 0.01 0.36 0.60 0.42 0.82 2 过氧化氢酶 Catalase (CAT) 0.24 0.86 0.18 0.41 1.10 0.59 0.73 6 丙二醛 Malondialdehyde (MDA) 2.70 1.20 0.06 2.42 1.76 0.22 0.58 11 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar 0.00 0.51 0.57 0.13 0.30 0.90 0.80 3 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein 0.44 0.65 0.73 0.24 0.98 1.08 0.68 7 α-淀粉酶 α-amylase 0.79 0.24 0.91 1.80 0.45 1.22 0.63 8 β-淀粉酶 β-amylase 1.68 0.14 0.82 2.29 0.46 0.83 0.62 10 总淀粉酶 Total amylase 1.90 0.12 0.87 2.23 0.31 0.77 0.63 9 赤霉素 Gibberellins (GA3) 0.09 0.22 0.47 0.26 0.04 0.56 0.84 1 脱落酸 Abscisic acid (ABA) 0.18 0.27 0.40 0.99 0.09 1.21 0.76 5 GA3/ABA 0.36 0.10 0.44 0.82 0.66 0.01 0.79 4
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