补播乡土牧草对荒漠草地土壤持水性及植被生物量的影响
为了探讨乡土牧草补播对退化草地植被恢复的作用，在宁夏盐池县设置了以放牧地(FM)为对照，以蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)单播(M)、牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)单播(N)、蒙古冰草 + 牛枝子混播(MN)、蒙古冰草 + 沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)混播(MS)和蒙古冰草 + 草木樨状黄芪(Astragalus melilotoides)混播(MX)为补播模式，研究不同补播措施对荒漠草地土壤持水性及地上地下生物量的影响。结果表明：1)不同处理间土壤持水性的综合排序为M > MS > MN > MX > N > FM。2)所有补播处理的地下生物量均高于放牧草地，且单播牧草的地下生物量M高于N；而处理间地上生物量表现为MS > MX、M、MN > N > FM的趋势。3)冗余分析(RDA)结果表明，植被地下、地上生物量和表征土壤持水性的指标间显著相关( P < 0.05)。本研究结果表明蒙古冰草由于具有较高的地下生物量，单播或与豆科混播均可以显著改善土壤持水性，进而利于植被的恢复，故而在未来草地补播中应因地制宜采用根系生物量大的牧草进行单播或与其他牧草混播。
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参考文献
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图 1 土壤持水性指标间相关性分析
* 和 ** 分别表示在 0.05 水平显著相关和0.01 水平极显著相关。SOM：土壤有机质；SWS：土壤蓄水量；TP：总孔隙度；CP：毛管孔隙度；NCP：非毛管孔隙度；CMC：毛管持水量；SMC：饱和持水量；NCMC：非毛管持水量；下图同。
Figure 1. Correlation analysis among soil water holding capacity parameters
* and ** indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively, SOM: soil organic matter; SWS: soil water storage; TP: total porosity; CP: capillary porosity; NCP: non-capillary porosity; CMC: capillary moisture capacity; SMC: saturation moisture capacity; NCMC: non- capillary moisture capacity. This is applicable for the following figures as well.
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图 2 不同补播模式下植被地下和地上生物量特征
不同小写字母表示同一土层下不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure 2. underground biomass and Aboveground under different reseeded patterns and grazing grassland
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments at the same soil depth for each parameter at the 0.05 level.
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图 3 植被地下、地上生物量和土壤持水性间的RDA分析
AGB：地上生物量；UGB：地下生物量。
Figure 3. RDA analysis of relationships between underground and aboveground biomass and soil water holding capacity
AGB: aboveground biomass; UGB: underground biomass.
表 1 不同补播模式及放牧地土壤持水性的单因素方差分析
Table 1 One-way analysis of soil water holding capacity under different reseeding patterns
土层
Soil
layer/
cm处理
Treatment土壤蓄水量
Soil
water
storage/mm总孔隙度
Total
porosity/%毛管孔隙度
Capillary
porosity/%非毛管孔隙度
Non-capillary
porosity/%饱和持水量
Saturation
moisture
capacity/%毛管持水量
Capillary
moisture
capacity/%非毛管持水量
Non- capillary
moisture
capacity/%有机质
Soil organic
matter/
(g·kg−1)0－10 MS 2.09 ± 0.11a 48.26 ± 0.50a 44.81 ± 0.12a 3.45 ± 0.46b 36.41 ± 1.90a 33.78 ± 1.46a 2.63 ± 0.46b 7.50 ± 0.20c MX 1.71 ± 0.09b 42.61 ± 0.64b 39.49 ± 0.87b 3.12 ± 0.41b 29.73 ± 0.95bc 27.57 ± 1.11cd 2.17 ± 0.25bc 8.53 ± 0.14b MN 1.69 ± 0.06b 44.02 ± 0.65b 40.64 ± 0.58b 3.37 ± 0.09b 31.5 ± 1.43ab 29.08 ± 1.28bc 2.42 ± 0.15bc 9.40 ± 0.08a M 1.87 ± 0.1ab 49.14 ± 1.80a 44.93 ± 0.91a 5.31 ± 0.57a 35.77 ± 2.85a 32.69 ± 2.23ab 3.89 ± 0.50a 9.20 ± 0.17ab N 1.31 ± 0.03c 39.47 ± 0.80c 36.47 ± 0.66c 3.00 ± 0.33b 26.18 ± 1.08c 24.19 ± 0.99d 1.99 ± 0.22bc 6.80 ± 0.03d FM 0.96 ± 0.08d 38.09 ± 0.35c 35.93 ± 0.13c 2.15 ± 0.47b 24.57 ± 0.60c 23.18 ± 0.59d 1.39 ± 0.29c 6.55 ± 0.43d F 23.708 23.723 38.375 6.278 8.751 9.914 6.282 31.750 P 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.000 10－20 MS 3.51 ± 0.32a 54.65 ± 1.95a 50.94 ± 2.62a 3.71 ± 0.70bc 45.04 ± 3.24a 42.02 ± 3.69a 3.01 ± 0.50bc 6.64 ± 0.53c MX 2.75 ± 0.03b 43.23 ± 0.58bc 41.04 ± 0.49c 2.53 ± 0.49cd 31.27 ± 0.41c 29.69 ± 0.27c 1.83 ± 0.35c 7.86 ± 0.50abc MN 2.48 ± 0.08bc 46.23 ± 0.87b 42.34 ± 1.45bc 4.78 ± 0.60ab 35.46 ± 0.84bc 32.46 ± 1.05bc 3.69 ± 0.46ab 8.92 ± 0.98a M 3.74 ± 0.22a 51.95 ± 1.64a 46.18 ± 1.72b 5.77 ± 0.64a 40.8 ± 3.09ab 36.28 ± 2.90ab 4.53 ± 0.56a 8.72 ± 0.05ab N 3.32 ± 0.19a 43.82 ± 0.62bc 41.19 ± 0.30c 2.64 ± 0.39cd 31.00 ± 0.52c 29.13 ± 0.29c 1.87 ± 0.28c 7.14 ± 0.13bc FM 2.09 ± 0.11c 40.96 ± 0.62c 38.72 ± 0.29c 1.87 ± 0.33d 28.9 ± 1.68c 27.28 ± 1.17c 1.89 ± 0.33c 6.31 ± 0.42c F 12.015 20.660 9.570 7.649 10.046 7.339 7.083 4.179 P 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.020 20－30 MS 5.47 ± 0.53a 49.21 ± 0.29a 45.91 ± 0.84a 3.30 ± 0.55ab 38.33 ± 0.33a 35.76 ± 0.74a 2.57 ± 0.42ab 8.09 ± 0.09a MX 6.12 ± 0.29a 48.14 ± 0.64ab 45.38 ± 0.17a 2.33 ± 0.22b 37.7 ± 1.32ab 35.52 ± 0.87ab 1.81 ± 0.19b 6.79 ± 0.82ab MN 4.94 ± 0.54a 45.77 ± 1.62b 43.35 ± 1.46a 2.42 ± 0.16b 34.02 ± 2.42bc 32.21 ± 2.24bc 1.80 ± 0.18b 7.40 ± 0.70ab M 6.00 ± 0.43a 47.70 ± 0.63ab 43.84 ± 0.46a 3.86 ± 0.66a 34.92 ± 0.7ab 32.09 ± 0.47bc 2.83 ± 0.50a 8.25 ± 1.18a N 4.87 ± 0.57a 42.24 ± 0.38c 39.75 ± 0.47b 2.49 ± 0.18b 30.63 ± 0.63cd 28.82 ± 0.62cd 1.81 ± 0.14b 5.43 ± 0.53b FM 3.11 ± 0.41b 41.69 ± 0.49c 39.31 ± 0.56b 2.38 ± 0.11b 28.47 ± 0.02d 26.85 ± 0.08d 1.62 ± 0.09b 6.02 ± 0.33ab F 5.416 15.386 12.954 2.816 10.510 10.911 2.858 2.593 P 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000 0.000 0.063 0.082 
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续表 1
Table 1(Continued)土层
Soil
layer/
cm处理
Treatment土壤蓄水量
Soil
water
storage/mm总孔隙度
Total
porosity/%毛管孔隙度
Capillary
porosity/%非毛管孔隙度
Non-capillary
porosity/%饱和持水量
Saturation
moisture
capacity/%毛管持水量
Capillary
moisture
capacity/%非毛管持水量
Non- capillary
moisture
capacity/%有机质
Soil organic
matter/
(g·kg−1)30－40 MS 10.26 ± 2.00a 45.97 ± 0.71a 41.95 ± 1.29ab 4.02 ± 0.58ab 33.58 ± 1.22ab 30.65 ± 1.55ab 2.92 ± 0.39ab 4.04 ± 0.29b MX 10.04 ± 0.72a 45.48 ± 0.73a 42.19 ± 0.55ab 3.75 ± 0.53ab 32.86 ± 1.81ab 30.47 ± 1.53ab 2.77 ± 0.35ab 1.62 ± 0.06c MN 8.85 ± 1.54a 47.64 ± 1.21a 43.02 ± 0.74a 4.62 ± 0.48ab 36.50 ± 2.41a 32.94 ± 1.92a 3.56 ± 0.50a 3.80 ± 0.23b M 12.00 ± 0.90a 45.42 ± 0.31a 40.2 ± 0.81bc 5.21 ± 0.63a 32.64 ± 1.09ab 28.89 ± 1.07abc 3.75 ± 0.49a 5.94 ± 0.35a N 9.21 ± 0.58a 42.46 ± 0.87b 38.42 ± 0.85cd 4.04 ± 0.26ab 29.65 ± 0.89bc 26.83 ± 0.84bc 2.82 ± 0.19ab 3.68 ± 0.45b FM 10.61 ± 0.16a 40.02 ± 0.96b 37.04 ± 0.65d 2.99 ± 0.52b 26.99 ± 1.06c 24.98 ± 0.84c 2.23 ± 0.21b 0.91 ± 0.22c F 0.929 10.713 7.700 2.173 4.774 4.514 2.227 38.140 P 0.496 0.000 0.002 0.126 0.012 0.015 0.119 0.000 40－50 MS 9.93 ± 0.50a 48.12 ± 1.17a 42.95 ± 0.35a 5.17 ± 1.00a 36.43 ± 1.00a 32.51 ± 0.32a 3.91 ± 0.77a 2.13 ± 0.55a MX 7.72 ± 0.33a 45.27 ± 1.25ab 42.29 ± 1.56a 2.98 ± 0.34b 34.55 ± 2.17ab 32.29 ± 2.25a 2.49 ± 0.01b 1.52 ± 0.18a MN 8.57 ± 0.95a 44.29 ± 1.96ab 40.99 ± 1.35a 3.84 ± 0.28ab 31.67 ± 1.28ab 29.31 ± 0.85a 2.92 ± 0.07ab 1.67 ± 0.11a M 9.52 ± 1.39a 44.87 ± 0.47ab 41.10 ± 0.07a 3.76 ± 0.52ab 33.1 ± 0.36ab 30.33 ± 0.03a 2.78 ± 0.38ab 1.90 ± 0.63a N 8.94 ± 0.44a 45.30 ± 2.16ab 41.91 ± 1.98a 3.39 ± 0.18b 34.69 ± 1.98ab 32.09 ± 1.82a 2.59 ± 0.15b 1.74 ± 0.20a FM 8.22 ± 0.70a 42.68 ± 0.63b 39.62 ± 0.30a 3.06 ± 0.36b 31.32 ± 0.87b 29.07 ± 0.66a 2.42 ± 0.12b 0.96 ± 0.19a F 1.038 1.565 0.979 2.381 1.907 1.508 2.339 1.153 P 0.439 0.243 0.469 0.101 0.167 0.259 0.106 0.386 MS，蒙古冰草 + 草木樨状黄芪混播；MX，蒙古冰草 + 沙打旺混播；MN，蒙古冰草 + 牛枝子混播；M，蒙古冰草单播；N，牛枝子单播；FM，放牧地。同列不同小写字母表示同一土层下不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。下同。
MS, Agropyron mongolicum × Astragalus adsurgens mixture; MX, Agropyron mongolicum × Astragalus melilotoides mixture; MN, Agropyron mongolicum × Lespedeza potaninii mixture; M, Agropyron mongolicum monoculture; N, Lespedeza potaninii monoculture, FM, grazing grassland. Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences between treatments at the same soil depth for each parameter at the 0.05 level. This is applicable for the following figures and tables as well.
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表 2 不同补播模式土壤持水性主成分得分及综合得分
Table 2 Principal component and comprehensive scores of soil water holding capacity under different reseeding patterns
处理
Treatment主成分得分
Principal component score综合得分
Comprehensive
score排名
RankY1 Y2 MS 2.89 −1.23 2.10 2 MX −0.71 −0.94 −0.68 4 MN 0.68 0.13 0.55 3 M 2.72 1.45 2.32 1 N −1.83 0.35 −1.39 5 FM −3.74 0.24 −2.93 6
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