Flowering phenology and pollination charateristic of Adonis amurensis

Present study investigated the flowering phenology and pollination characteristics of Adonis amurensis under wild and introduced environment for two consecutive years. The results showed the same model under wild and introduced condition in terms of flowering phenology: the early flowering stage appeared in early April, and last for 25 d. The flowering curve of population presented multiple “M”. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationship between fertile fruit and the number of flowering and single length of flowering; and significant negative relationship between early flowering stage, number of flowering, single length of flowering and percentage of fertile fruit. This indicated that the earlier flower, the longer flowering time, the higher percentage of fertile fruit. During 2011 to 2012, a total number of 9 species of insects were recognized as the flower visitors, which belong to 5 families of 4 orders. There were significant differences among visitors in terms of visiting duration time. Apis cerana had the shortest duration time which was less than ten seconds, and Sphaerophoria indiana had the longest duration time which can reach 20～30 s.