Advances in the interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi widely exist in grassland agro-ecosystems, and is the main member of soil microflora and one of the important functional group in ecosystems as well. Together with other microorganisms, AM fungi is acting a significant role in grassland agro-ecosystem. Progress of interactions of AM fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms both at home and aboard were reviewed in the present paper. The relationship between AM fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms is complex, which mainly contains competition, symbiosis and commensalism. AM fungi competes for infection site and photosynthate with the pathogens invading from root, and regulates proteins that course of disease related, and increases the absorption efficiency of water and nutrient, and secretes biophylaxis materials, thus the host plant’s disease-resistance can be promoted and the root system colonization of pathogen nematodes can be reduced. The relationship between AM fungi and rhizosphere beneficial microbes are symbiosis, commensalism and synergy of plant growth promoting. At present, interaction mechanisms of AM fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms are desiderated to be studied to reveal the relationship between AM fungi and rhizosphere soil microbes for using and regulating of the soil ecosystem, promoting the absorption of plant nutrients, improving plant resistance to a variety of stress and maintaining sustainable development and utilization of the grassland agro-ecosystems.