Golfer’s communicative rationality and self-discipline intention on the golf course: Analysis based on an expanded model of the theory of planned behavior

Based on the extended model of the theory of planned behavior, this study explores the factors influencing golfers' on-course self-discipline behavior and provides a reference for their self-discipline guidance. A total of 358 participants were included through a field survey and online questionnaire. The sample data were analyzed using the structural equation model. The validation results showed that golfers' subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-discipline intention were positively correlated. The results also verified that communicative rationality had a significant effect on golfers' self-discipline intention, and the golf club supervision scenario played a key regulatory role in influencing the golfers' self-discipline intention. This study concludes that the golfers' recognition of golf rules and etiquette and their understanding of golf culture are the basis for establishing normative beliefs and forming self-disciplinary behavior. Golfers' skill levels and opportunities to participate in tournaments serve as the intrinsic motivation that inspires self-discipline and the guarantee of enhancing the concept of and willingness to engage in self-discipline. The rationality of words and deeds is the inner motivation of self-discipline. The club management system is an important means for players with weak self-discipline to promote their self-discipline. This paper presents suggestions from players and clubs to promote the rationality and self-discipline of players on a golf course and jointly create an atmosphere of fair competition on golf courses.