The regulatory effect and mechanism of choline on liver fat metabolism in dairy cows

In the production and breeding process of the dairy industry, the prevention and control of nutritional metabolic diseases, such as fatty liver in perinatal dairy cows, is key to improved performance and production efficiency. Choline, an essential nutrient for animal growth and development, plays an important role in the regulation of liver fat metabolism. Proper dietary supplementation of choline can effectively reduce liver fat content, prevent fatty liver, and maintain the normal physiological function of the liver. Choline regulates lipid metabolism by up-regulating and down-regulating the expression of genes and proteins of the lipolysis and adipogenesis pathways, thus reducing fat deposition and alleviating fatty liver. In this study, the characteristics and functions of choline and its regulatory effect and mechanism on liver fat metabolism in dairy cows were reviewed. The study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for maintaining body health of dairy cows and improve ruminant production performance.