Application, detriment, and control measures of Myriophyllum aquaticum

Myriophyllum Aquaticum is commonly used for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China, especially for the purification of high-ammonia breeding wastewater. However, M. aquaticum has a high risk of biological invasion due to its rapid growth rate and habitat adaptability, which sometimes seriously affects flood discharge and threatens the survival of local aquatic organisms. Therefore, its growth needs to be controlled in China. In this study, we reviewed the application of M. aquaticum in water pollution control globally. Moreover, we analyzed the causes of M. aquaticum expansion and reviewed the corresponding expansion control measures and their comparative advantages and disadvantages. Overall, we found that it was difficult to control the growth of M. aquaticum completely using a single measure due to its amphibious characteristics. Synthetic measures may be the most effective method for the long-term control of M. aquaticum. Furthermore, it is necessary to study the biological invasion mechanism of M. aquaticum, study the key technology for the control of M. aquaticum invasion, and actively explore new methods for the resource utilization of M. aquaticum.