Spatio-temporal expansion models and pathways for prataculture development in Xizang

The development of prataculture is essential for maintaining ecological integrity in Tibet. Prataculture development is foundational to the high-quality development of the plateau’s distinctive livestock industry. It serves as a mainstay for the livelihoods of Tibetan pastoralists. The development of Tibetan prataculture currently faces constraints imposed by national ecological and food security boundaries, specifically spatial and temporal constraints. Utilizing urban spatio-temporal expansion theory, this study analyzes the factors constraining the expansion of Tibetan prataculture, elucidates the necessity and feasibility of spatio-temporal expansion, and proposes models focused on ecological benefits, production benefits, and a balanced approach that considers both. It also provides pathways for implementation of these models. This work offers theoretical guidance for future expansion of prataculture in Tibet, and serves as a reference for the spatial and temporal expansion of prataculture into other regions of China.