Investigation on cropping patterns and their economic results of Shandong Province

A detailed investigation on cropping patterns in Shandong province was conducted, the results showed nine kinds of cropping patterns existed in Shandong province, they were grain cropgrain crop, grain cropeconomic crop, grain cropforage crop, economic crop forage crop and so on. The first three kinds of cropping patterns which had higher annual net income per hectare were grain cropforage crop rotation mode, and the income of forage crops, the main components of the total income, was more than 4 times of the income of grain crops. In all these rotation modes, the economic benefit of wheat+Sudangrass whose annual income per hectare was 40 725 yuan was the highest, The economic benefit of wheat+ corn was the lowest whose annual income per hectare was 12 486 yuan. The three highest outputinput ratio modes were grain cropforage crop pattern, whose ratio were 2.76-3.03. In all cropping patterns, material cost and labor cost accounted for a large part of total input, 30%-46.3% and 20%-53%, respectively; management fee accounted for a minimum part, the proportion is 18%-29%. Above all, in all cropping patterns, grain cropforage crop pattern had a higher outputinput ratio, forage and crop rotation should be extended to increase farmers income and promote the development of animal husbandry in Shandong province especially in lowmiddleyield cropland areas.