PEG和NaCl胁迫对草木樨种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

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汪永平, 骆凯, 胡小文, 马福成, 田小飞, 张宝林, 塔拉腾, 刘晓燕, 张吉宇. PEG和NaCl胁迫对草木樨种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响. 草业科学, 2016,33(6):1174-1182
Wang Yong-ping, Luo Kai, Hu Xiao-wen, Ma Fu-cheng, Tian Xiao-fei, Zhang Bao-lin, Talateng, Liu Xiao-yan, Zhang Ji-yu. Effects of PEG and NaCl stress on seed germination,seedling growth of Melilotus accession . Pratacultural Science,2016,33(6): 1174-1182 复制到剪切板

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《草业科学》编辑部

PEG和NaCl胁迫对草木樨种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

汪永平¹, 骆凯¹, 胡小文¹, 马福成¹, 田小飞¹, 张宝林², 塔拉腾², 刘晓燕², 张吉宇¹

1.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730020

2.内蒙古阿拉善盟草原工作站,内蒙古阿拉善 750306

张吉宇(1977-),男,甘肃民乐人,副教授,博士,主要从事牧草育种与分子生物学研究。E-mail:[email protected]

)第一作者:汪永平(1994-),男,甘肃通渭人,在读本科生。E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2016-03-11

基金: 科技部“973”课题(2014CB138704)公益性行业科研专项(20120304205)国家自然科学基金(31572453）

摘要

以筛选出的5份优异草木樨( Melilotus)种质PI595335、MO-LX04、PI595388、Ames19257和PI593234为材料,分别用不同渗透势的PEG(0、-0.3、-0.6、-0.9、-1.2、-1.5 MPa)及不同浓度的NaCl溶液(0、50、100、150、200、300 mmol·L^-1)模拟干旱和盐碱胁迫条件,采用纸上发芽法进行种子萌发试验,测定发芽率、发芽势、胚根幼苗长、发芽指数、活力指数等指标,并综合比较不同种质的抗旱及耐盐能力。结果表明,1)高渗透势(≥-0.3 MPa)的条件能不同程度地促进5份种质的萌发,对PI595335、MO-LX04、PI595388胚根和幼苗的生长有一定抑制作用,对Ames19257、PI593234胚根和幼苗的生长有显著的( P<0.05)促进作用;而较低渗透势(≤-0.9 MPa)则显著抑制( P<0.05)所有种子的萌发与幼苗生长。2)不同浓度的NaCl溶液对5份种质草木樨幼苗的生长均有显著的( P<0.05)抑制作用,而低浓度的NaCl(≤100 mmol·L^-1)溶液能促进草木樨种子的萌发。3)用模糊数学隶属法综合评价结果显示,5份草木樨种质在种子萌发期抗旱性强弱为Ames19257>PI593234>MO-LX04>PI595335>PI595388,耐盐性强弱为PI593234>Ames19257>PI595388>MO-LX04>PI595335。其中Ames19257和PI593234在抗旱性和耐盐模拟试验中的表现均明显优于其它3份草木樨种质,更适于为今后杂交创制新种质提供遗传材料或在西北干旱、盐碱地区种植。

关键词: 草木樨; 盐胁迫; 水分胁迫; 萌发; 综合评价

中图分类号:S541⁺.903.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2016)6-1174-09 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0534

Effects of PEG and NaCl stress on seed germination,seedling growth of Melilotus accession

Wang Yong-ping¹, Luo Kai¹, Hu Xiao-wen¹, Ma Fu-cheng¹, Tian Xiao-fei¹, Zhang Bao-lin², Talateng², Liu Xiao-yan², Zhang Ji-yu¹

College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou 730020, China

2.The Grassland Research Station of Alashan, Alashan 750306, China

Corresponding author::Zhang Ji-yu E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

In this study, five high performing Melilotus accessions were evaluated seed germination and seedling growth under different PEG and NaCl treatment, by determination germination percentage, germination energy, the radicle and seedling length, germination index, vigor index. The analysis of Fuzzy Mathematics Based Comprehensive Evaluation method is used to investigate drought and salt tolerance differences among accessions. The results shows that: 1) High osmotic potential (≥-0.3 MPa) significantly( P<0.05)increased seed germination in all accessions compared to the control. In addition, the radicle and seedling growth of PI595335, MO-LX04, PI595388 was significantly reduced but significantly( P<0.05) increased for Ames19257 and PI593234 at high osmotic potential (≥- 0.3 MPa). At low osmotic potential(≤-0.9 MPa), all seeds germination and seedling growth were significantly( P<0.05)reduced. 2) Seedling growth was significantly influenced under different levels of NaCl treatment on all accessions. Seed germination was significantly( P<0.05)increased at low concertation of NaCl(≤100 mmol·L^-1). 3) The analysis using Fuzzy Mathematics Based Comprehensive Evaluation showed that: the drought tolerance of five Melilotus accessions in seed germination period as follows: Ames19257>PI593234>MO-LX04>PI595335>PI595388, salt resistance is PI593234>Ames19257>PI595388>MO-LX04>PI595335. The performance of Ames19257 and PI593234 were significantly better than the other three Melilotus accessions in the drought and salt tolerance test, and therefore they are good genetic materials for the future breedingprograms in the northwest of China.

Keyword: Melilotus; salt tolerance; drought tolerance; germination; comprehensive evaluation

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中国西北干旱区系指35° N以北、106° E以西的内陆干旱区, 包括新疆全境、甘肃河西走廊及内蒙古贺兰山以西的地区, 土地面积约占中国总土地面积的24.5%, 由于深居欧亚大陆腹地, 平均降水量在160 mm以下, 基本上不产生地表径流, 是世界上最严酷的干旱区之一^[1]。由于土地资源使用不当, 每年都有大面积的耕地因人为活动而导致土壤次生盐渍化的发生, 使中国可耕地面积进一步缩小, 对中国农业增产保收造成严重障碍^[2]。近年来, 西北干旱区植被退化、物种濒危问题日趋严重, 荒漠化治理、植被恢复以及植物保护已成为当地乃至国家生态建设的重要工作。种子萌发阶段和幼苗生长期是植物生长过程中最重要的两个阶段, 决定着作物的生长以及产量^[3]。在西北地区, 种子的萌发常常受到降水、气候、土壤结构和理化性质^[4]等环境因子的影响, 导致牧草种子萌发困难、出苗不齐和幼苗抗性弱等一系列问题, 使栽培草地难以成功建植。因此, 研究植物种子萌发对环境因子特别是水分和盐碱等在西北地区常见限制因子的响应, 对该地区的植被恢复、草业生产和引种驯化具有重要意义。

草木樨属(Melilotus)为豆科一年生或二年生草本植物^[5], 主要分布于欧洲、北非和中亚, 在我国主要分布在西北、华北、东北, 其中白花草木樨(M. alba)和黄花草木樨(M. officinalis)为该属最常见的栽培利用种。草木樨生命力强, 具有抗旱、抗寒、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱、生长快等特点, 其用途广泛, 可当作防风固沙、保持水土、改善土壤肥力的生态草种植^{[6, 7]}, 也可用作绿肥和蜜源植物^{[8, 9]}, 草木樨的药用价值也越来越得到重视^[10]。营养价值方面, 草木樨干草含粗蛋白质12%~24%, 无氮浸出物33%~42%, 是一种优良的牧草^[11]。

本研究从国内外引进草木樨种质资源101份评价的基础上, 获得了5份适应性强、田间表现优良的草木樨种质为材料, 以PEG和NaCl溶液模拟干旱、盐胁迫条件对草木樨种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响, 比较不同种质的抗旱耐盐性, 以期筛选更具有抗旱耐盐特性的草木樨种质, 为后续进行杂交创制新种质提供遗传材料和理论依据, 促进我国干旱半干旱地区和盐碱地饲草料的发展。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

试验材料为在甘肃榆中进行了引种适应性评价后筛选的5份农艺学性状表现优异的种质, 分别为黄花草木樨种质PI595335、MO-LX04、PI595388, 白花草木樨种质Ames19257、PI593234。

1.2 试验方法

1.2.1 种子的预处理选择成熟、饱满且大小适中、均匀一致、无病虫害健康的种子为试验材料。先用砂纸打磨种子以破除硬实, 用0.1%的HgCl₂溶液浸种10 min进行消毒, 再用蒸馏水反复冲洗5~6次, 滤纸吸干后保存于4 ℃冰箱备用。

1.2.2 PEG处理采用纸上培养法^[12], 在培养皿种放入双层滤纸, 每个培养皿里摆放50粒种子, 3次重复。分别用水势为0(CK)、-0.3、-0.6、-0.9、-1.2、-1.5 MPa的PEG-6000溶液对草木樨种子进行处理, 每个培养皿加6 mL相应水势的PEG-6000溶液, 其中对照组用蒸馏水处理, 并用封口膜封口。将培养皿置于20 ℃的培养箱中, 设置光照16 h, 黑暗8 h, 每2 d按同样加液方法更换一次滤纸并添加新的处理液。

1.2.3 NaCl处理分别用0(CK)、50、100、150、200、300 mmol· L^-1的NaCl溶液对草木樨种子进行处理, 每个培养皿加6 mL相应浓度的NaCl溶液, 其中对照组用蒸馏水处理, 并用封口膜封口。培养箱条件同PEG处理, 每2 d按同样加液方法更换一次滤纸并添加新的处理液。

种子发芽期间, 每日记录种子发芽数, 根据国际种子检验规程^[13], 有明显的胚根“ 露白” 即认定为发芽。持续记录14 d结束, 并在试验结束时统计正常幼苗数、新鲜未发芽种子数、硬实种子数、死种子数。发芽试验结束时, 每个培养皿随机选取10株幼苗植株, 用直尺测定幼苗的根长和苗长。

1.3 数据处理

相对发芽率=处理组发芽率/对照组发芽率× 100%。

发芽势=n/N× 100%, 式中:n规定为4 d内的发芽种子总数, N为种子总数。

发芽指数(GI)=G₁/N₁+G₂/N₂+…+G_n/N_n, 式中:G₁、G₂、…、G_n为第1、2、…、n天正常的幼苗数, N₁、N₂、…、N_n为相应的发芽天数。

活力指数(VI)=S× GI, 式中:S为幼苗第14天的苗长。

用模糊数学隶属法^{[14, 15, 16]}对5种不同种质草木樨种子萌发期抗旱及耐盐性进行综合评价。运用公式Y_ij=(-)/(-)。式中:Y_ij为i种质的j指标的隶属函数值; X_ij为i种质的j指标的平均值; 为各种质j指标平均值的最小值; 为各种质j指标平均值的最大值; j指标与耐胁迫性呈正相关; 若j指标与耐胁迫性呈负相关, 则用公式Y_ij=1-(-)/(X_j_{, max}-)。根据平均隶属函数值大小确定耐胁迫性强弱并排序, 平均值越大, 耐胁迫性越强。

试验结果均以平均值± 标准误(SE)表示。使用SPSS 17.0统计软件, 在95%水平上通过单因子方差(One-Way ANOVA)分析, 对数据进行显著性检验。Duncan Post-hoc Test用于检验处理间多重比较的差异显著性(P< 0.05)。

2 结果与分析

2.1 PEG胁迫对草木樨种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

2.1.1 PEG胁迫对草木樨种子发芽能力的影响高渗透势(-0.3 MPa)对于Ames19257和PI593234这两份材料具有提高发芽势的效果, 而对PI595335、MO-LX04和PI595388则产生了显著的抑制作用(P< 0.05)(表1)。之后, 随着胁迫的增加, 5份材料种子的发芽势所受抑制作用均显著增大(P< 0.05)。

表1 不同渗透势下5种草木樨种质的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数 Table 1 The germination percentage, germination energy, germination index and vigor index in Melilotus seeds under different osmotic stress

指标 Index	种质 Accession	渗透势Osmotic potential/MPa
指标 Index	种质 Accession	0	-0.3	-0.6	-0.9	-1.2	-1.5
发芽势 Germination energy/ %	PI595335	0.91± 0.02aA	0.38± 0.01bC	0.00± 0.00cC	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA	0.00± 0.00cA
	MO-LX04	0.75± 0.01aB	0.37± 0.05bC	0.04± 0.01cC	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA	0.00± 0.00cA
	PI595388	0.79± 0.03aB	0.46± 0.04bC	0.02± 0.01cC	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA	0.00± 0.00cA
	Ames19257	0.86± 0.03aA	0.93± 0.03aA	0.64± 0.06bA	0.10± 0.03cA	0.00± 0.00cA	0.00± 0.00cA
	PI593234	0.57± 0.01bC	0.67± 0.02aB	0.23± 0.04cB	0.02± 0.01dB	0.00± 0.00dA	0.00± 0.00dA
	发芽率 Germination percentage/ %	PI595335	96.00± 1.15aA	92.67± 1.76aA	46.67± 5.70bC	17.33± 4.67cC	0.00± 0.00dB	0.00± 0.00dA
MO-LX04		76.67± 1.33abBC	88.00± 5.03aA	63.33± 7.69bBC	35.33± 4.67cB	2.00± 1.15dB	0.00± 0.00dA
PI595388		80.67± 4.06aBC	90.67± 4.37aA	59.33± 9.96bBC	15.33± 2.91cC	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
Ames19257		88.00± 3.06aB	94.67± 1.76aA	91.33± 0.67aA	61.33± 2.40bA	5.33± 0.67cA	0.00± 0.00cA
PI593234		62.00± 1.15aC	71.33± 0.67aB	68.67± 4.37aB	38.00± 5.29bB	0.67± 0.67cB	0.00± 0.00cA
发芽指数 Germination index		PI595335	29.62± 1.64aB	11.20± 0.54bC	2.75± 0.35cC	1.08± 0.27cC	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
	MO-LX04	24.62± 0.47aB	11.49± 1.33bC	4.19± 0.43cC	1.99± 0.28cdBC	0.10± 0.05dB	0.00± 0.00dA
	PI595388	26.81± 2.81aB	11.86± 0.43bC	4.02± 0.40cC	1.07± 0.16cC	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
	Ames19257	37.78± 2.71aA	27.05± 1.13bA	13.71± 0.82cA	5.16± 0.09dA	0.39± 0.04dA	0.00± 0.00dA
	PI593234	25.19± 1.12aB	18.77± 0.85bB	6.68± 0.46cB	2.38± 0.47dB	0.03± 0.03dB	0.00± 0.00dA
	活力指数 Vigor index	PI595335	186.47± 12.88aA	62.18± 4.77bC	7.43± 1.58cD	1.92± 0.50cB	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
MO-LX04		159.41± 7.97aAB	64.40± 7.98bC	15.06± 2.07cC	3.54± 1.16cB	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
PI595388		173.94± 22.31aAB	53.56± 1.50bC	12.75± 0.30cCD	2.86± 0.61cB	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
Ames19257		138.59± 10.25bB	175.57± 14.45aA	87.83± 3.04cA	14.86± 3.45dA	0.16± 0.05dA	0.00± 0.00dA
PI593234		94.84± 6.53bC	127.04± 8.23aB	41.43± 2.81cB	7.50± 1.83dB	0.01± 0.01dB	0.00± 0.00dA

Note: Data are present as mean± SE, different lower case letters within the same row show significant difference among stress treatments at 0.05 level, and different capital letters within the same column show significant difference among different accessions at 0.05 level. The same below.

注:数据按平均值± 标准误表示, 同行不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P< 0.05), 同列不同大写字母表示种质间差异显著(P< 0.05)。下同。

5份种质在渗透势为-0.3 MPa时, 发芽率相对对照均未表现出受抑制现象(表1)。在渗透势为-0.6 MPa的胁迫条件下, 除Ames19257和PI593234外, 种子萌发相比对照均受到抑制, 发芽率显著(P< 0.05)降低。之后随着胁迫的增加, 发芽率急剧降低, 当渗透势为-1.5 MPa时, 所有材料皆未出现萌发现象。

对不同渗透势下种子发芽指数的分析可知, 在不同渗透势的胁迫条件下, 5份材料的种子发芽指数均受到了不同程度的抑制, 且相对对照, 抑制作用均显著(P< 0.05)(表1)。随着胁迫的增加, 抑制作用显著增强(P< 0.05)。当渗透势为-1.5 MPa时, 5份材料的种子发芽指数几乎都降低到0。

在渗透势为-0.3 MPa时, Ames19257和PI593234两份材料的种子活力指数相对对照显著增大(P< 0.05), PI595335、MO-LX04和PI595388种子活力指数均相对对照显著降低(P< 0.05)(表1)。当PEG溶液渗透势≤ -0.6 MPa时, 随着胁迫的增加, 5份材料的种子活力指数均显著降低(P< 0.05)。

2.1.2 PEG胁迫对草木樨胚根与幼苗生长的影响相比对照, 不同渗透势胁迫对PI595335、MO-LX04、PI595388种子胚根的生长起显著的抑制作用(P< 0.05), 且随着胁迫的增加抑制作用显著增大(P< 0.05)(图1)。而Ames19257和PI593234在较高水平PEG胁迫下(渗透势-0.3、-0.6 MPa), 胚根的生长相比对照反而被显著促进(P< 0.05), 之后随着胁迫的增大, 胚根生长均受到显著抑制(P< 0.05)。

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图1 不同渗透势下不同草木樨种质胚根及幼苗长的比较Fig.1 The effect of osmotic potential on the radical length and seedling length of Melilotus
注:同一指标不同小写字母表示不同种质在不同处理间差异显著(P< 0.05)。下同。
Note: Different lower case letters for the same parameter mean significant difference among different species in different treatments at 0.05 level. The same below.

不同渗透势胁迫对PI595335、MO-LX04、PI595388的幼苗生长均有不同程度的抑制, 在较高渗透势下(-0.3 MPa)PI595388幼苗生长受抑制作用最强, 相比对照达到了显著水平(P< 0.05), 随着胁迫的增加, 3份材料幼苗生长所受抑制均显著增强(P< 0.05), 当渗透势< -0.9 MPa, 几乎无幼苗生长。而Ames19257和PI593234在较高水平胁迫下(渗透势≥ -0.6 MPa), 幼苗的生长相比对照被显著促进(P< 0.05), 之后随着胁迫的增加幼苗长显著降低(P< 0.05)。

2.1.3 不同草木樨种质耐水分胁迫综合评价用模糊函数隶属法对5个不同草木樨种质的发芽率、根长、苗长、发芽指数和活力指数进行了综合评价, 得到5个不同种质草木樨的隶属值函数平均值, 可知, 耐水分胁迫能力大小为Ames19257> PI593234> MO-LX04> PI595335> PI595388(表2)。

表2 不同草木樨种质耐水分胁迫指标隶属值及其综合评价 Table 2 Subordinate function values of water stress and comprehensive evaluation of different cultivars

2.2 NaCl胁迫对草木樨种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

2.2.1 NaCl胁迫对草木樨种子发芽能力的影响对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下种子发芽势的分析可知(表3), 在NaCl浓度≥ 200 mmol· L^-1时, 5份材料的发芽势均较对照显著降低(P< 0.05), 表现出明显的胁迫效应。在NaCl浓度50~150 mmol· L^-1时, Ames19257和PI593234发芽势所受影响不大, 表现出较强的抗盐能力。而PI595335和MO-LX04在低浓度NaCl(50 mmol· L^-1)时其发芽势就较对照显著降低(P< 0.05), 受盐胁迫影响最大。

表3 不同浓度NaCl下5种草木樨种质的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数 Table 3 The germination percentage, germination energy, germination index and vigor index in Melilotus seeds under different NaCl stress

指标 Index	种质 Accession	NaCl/mmol· L^-1
指标 Index	种质 Accession	0	50	100	150	200	300
发芽势 Germination energy/ %	PI595335	70.67± 3.21aBC	48.67± 2.52bB	20.67± 1.76cB	17.33± 2.03cCD	0.00± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
	MO-LX04	58.67± 0.58aC	33.33± 0.33bC	12.67± 0.33cB	4.00± 1.00cD	0.67± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
	PI595388	91.33± 0.58aA	84.67± 0.58aA	26.00± 2.19bB	20.67± 0.58bC	0.67± 0.00cB	0.00± 0.00cA
	Ames19257	76.67± 0.33aAB	74.67± 0.33abA	84.00± 1.20aA	62.00± 1.86bB	18.00± 1.86cA	2.00± 0.58dA
	PI593234	86.67± 0.33aA	83.33± 0.67aA	88.00± 0.33aA	85.33± 2.40aA	29.33± 0.89bA	8.00± 1.15bA
	发芽率 Germination percentage/ %	PI595335	85.33± 2.67aAB	90.00± 3.06aA	88.67± 5.21aA	61.33± 4.67bC	19.33± 6.36cD	10.00± 3.46cB
MO-LX04		68.67± 2.91aC	74.00± 4.00aC	58.67± 0.67abB	47.33± 3.33bD	28.67± 1.76cCD	10.00± 5.77dB
PI595388		93.33± 1.33aA	94.00± 2.31aA	79.33± 10.91aA	83.33± 2.91aAB	39.33± 1.76bC	13.33± 2.91cB
Ames19257		80.00± 4.62aB	79.33± 1.76aBC	86.67± 3.53aA	76.00± 2.00aB	52.67± 0.67bB	18.67± 1.33cAB
PI593234		90.00± 3.06aAB	88.00± 2.31aAB	92.00± 4.16aA	90.00± 3.06aA	69.33± 3.71bA	28.67± 7.06cA
发芽指数 Germination index		PI595335	17.28± 1.65aCD	13.77± 1.07aC	9.63± 0.62bB	6.30± 0.72bC	1.46± 0.55cB	0.60± 0.21cB
	MO-LX04	15.32± 1.84aD	9.13± 0.31bD	5.83± 0.31bcB	3.62± 0.20cdC	2.16± 0.27dB	0.60± 0.35dB
	PI595388	24.22± 2.91aC	16.93± 1.19bC	8.56± 1.28cB	9.35± 0.84cBC	3.03± 0.25cdB	0.73± 0.15dB
	Ames19257	34.81± 3.20aB	29.77± 1.89abB	23.61± 2.27bA	13.85± 0.97cB	5.35± 0.33dB	1.43± 0.09dAB
	PI593234	42.56± 0.37aA	38.56± 1.85aA	26.91± 3.37bA	22.01± 4.49bcA	11.38± 2.70cdA	2.84± 0.99dA
	活力指数 Vigor index	PI595335	227.62± 23.78aD	90.87± 7.06bD	53.66± 3.34bcB	14.80± 2.11cdC	2.37± 0.72dB	0.90± 0.35dB
MO-LX04		174.94± 22.23aD	63.10± 4.54bD	34.80± 0.35bcB	14.66± 2.67cC	6.07± 0.82cB	0.68± 0.40cB
PI595388		384.50± 63.09aC	214.56± 11.26bC	64.75± 11.00cB	40.51± 5.62cC	8.40± 1.79cB	0.66± 0.08cB
Ames19257		553.90± 53.30aB	319.53± 7.25bB	210.37± 29.62cA	87.06± 0.19dB	12.40± 1.68dB	1.53± 0.20dB
PI593234		827.94± 30.87aA	516.40± 17.82bA	275.85± 36.39cA	135.48± 30.09dA	48.70± 16.28deA	4.34± 1.91eA

对不同浓度NaCl胁迫对种子发芽率影响的分析可知(表3), 较低浓度NaCl溶液(50和100 mmol· L^-1)对5份材料种子的发芽率无显著影响(P> 0.05)。当NaCl溶液浓度为150 mmol· L^-1时, PI595335和MO-LX04种子发芽率较对照显著降低(P< 0.05)。当NaCl浓度≥ 200 mmol· L^-1时, 随着胁迫的增加, 5份材料种子发芽率均显著低于对照(P< 0.05)。

对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下种子发芽指数的分析可知(表3), 在NaCl溶液浓度为50 mmol· L^-1时, MO-LX04和PI595388种子发芽指数较对照显著降低(P< 0.05)。随着盐胁迫的增加, 5份种质种子发芽指数进一步降低。

对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下种子活力指数的分析可知(表3), 在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下, 5份材料的种子活力指数均受到显著的抑制作用(P< 0.05), 随着NaCl胁迫的增加抑制作用增强。当NaCl浓度增大到300 mmol· L^-1后, 5份材料种子的活力指数均趋于0。

2.2.2 NaCl胁迫对草木樨胚根与幼苗生长的影响对不同浓度NaCl胁迫对草木樨胚根生长影响的分析可知(图2), 不同浓度NaCl胁迫对5份材料种子的胚根的生长均起到了不同程度的抑制作用, 且相对对照均影响显著(P< 0.05)。随着NaCl胁迫的增加, 抑制作用增强。5份种质中, NaCl胁迫对PI595388、Ames19257和PI593234种质影响最大。

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	图2 不同NaCl浓度下不同种质胚根及幼苗长的比较Fig.2 The effect of different NaCl concentration on radical length and seedling length of Melilotus

分析不同浓度NaCl胁迫对草木樨幼苗生长的影响可知(图2), 不同浓度NaCl胁迫对5份材料幼苗生长的影响与对胚根生长的影响相同, 相比对照其幼苗生长所受抑制影响均达到显著水平(P< 0.05)。并且随着NaCl胁迫的增加, 幼苗生长所受抑制作用逐渐增强。其中PI595388、Ames19257和PI593234的幼苗生长随胁迫程度逐渐增加表现最为敏感, 相比较低浓度受到显著抑制作用(P< 0.05)。

2.2.3 不同种质草木樨耐盐胁迫综合评价用模糊函数隶属法对5个不同种质草木樨的发芽率、根长、苗长、发芽指数和活力指数进行了综合评价, 得到5个不同种质草木樨的隶属值函数平均值(表4), 可知, 耐盐胁迫能力大小为PI593234> Ames19257> PI595388> MO-LX04> PI595335。

表4 不同草木樨种质耐盐胁迫指标隶属值及其综合评价 Table 4 Subordinate function values of solt stress and comprehensive evaluation of different cultivars

3 讨论

已有研究表明, 将植物种子在一定渗透势的PEG-6000溶液中浸泡一段时间后其种子发芽率、发芽势可提高^[17], 这与本研究中发现的结果基本相一致, 在高渗透势条件下(-0.3 MPa左右), 相对发芽率除PI595335无明显变化外, 其它4份种质相对发芽率均明显提高。水分胁迫继续增大时, 对草木樨种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用, 表现在降低种子的萌发率和发芽势等, 这与已报道的许多研究结果一致, 可能是因为不同渗透势的PEG-6000在种子萌发过程中已经通过种子组织控制了吸水率^[14], 使植物组织和细胞处于类似干旱的水分胁迫中^{[18, 19, 20]}, 因此, 影响了种子的发芽过程, 最终影响了种子的发芽率。史锋厚等^[21]在PEG引发白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)种子发芽的研究中认为, PEG处理的根本效果在影响种子萌发方面, 对幼苗生长的影响是在影响种子萌发的基础上实现的。

盐胁迫与干旱胁迫既相似又存在差异, 盐胁迫主要影响细胞内的离子平衡^[22]和水分平衡。一般情况下, 盐生植物其发芽率和发芽势在无盐和较低盐分条件下较高, 高盐分条件下种子的萌发会受到抑制^{[23, 24, 25]}。本研究发现, 随着NaCl浓度的增加, 5份材料的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长及幼苗长均不同程度地受到抑制, 这与在钠盐胁迫对白花草木樨^[26]种子发芽的研究结果相一致。高盐抑制种子萌发是由于渗透效应和毒性效应^[27], 同时高浓度的NaCl破坏了材料种子细胞膜的结构与功能也可能是影响种子萌发的原因之一。

种子萌发受种子自身因素影响很大, 单一指标不能充分说明种子耐盐性的综合情况, 本研究采用发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、幼苗长等多个指标进行分析并通过各抗旱及耐盐指标的隶属值进行综合评价, 目的就是排除种子自身因素的干扰, 准确评价出种子抗旱及耐盐能力大小^{[18, 28, 29]}。抗旱及耐盐性是受多种因素影响的复杂数量性状, 在萌发期鉴定出的具有较强抗性的种质是否在苗期乃至整个生育期也具有较强的抗性, 其相关程度还有待进行苗期和全生育期的进一步研究^{[30, 31]}。

对供试草木樨种质用PEG和NaCl处理的综合结果显示, 草木樨属植物确实具有一定的抗旱和耐盐能力。5份种质草木樨在种子萌发期抗旱性强弱为Ames19257> PI593234> MO-LX04> PI595335> PI595388, 耐盐性强弱为PI593234> Ames19257> PI595388> MO-LX04> PI595335, 其中Ames19257和PI593234在抗旱性和耐盐模拟研究中的表现均明显优于其它3份草木樨种质, 更适于为今后杂交创制新种质提供遗传材料或在西北干旱、盐碱地区种植。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[26]	张颖超, 贾玉山, 任永霞. 钠盐胁迫对白花草木樨种子发芽的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(12): 2006-2010. Zhang Y C, Jia Y S, Ren Y X. Effects of different sodium salt stress on seed germination of sweet clover. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(12): 2006-2010. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[27]	卢艳敏. 不同盐胁迫对高羊茅种子萌发的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(7): 1088-1093. Lu Y M. Effect of different saline stress on seed germination of tall fescue. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(7): 1088-1093. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[28]	刘贵河, 郭郁频, 任永霞, 曹春梅. PEG胁迫下5种牧草饲料作物种子萌发期的抗旱性研究. 种子, 2013, 32(11): 15-19. Liu G H, Guo Y P, Ren Y X, Cao C M. Study on drought resistance of five kinds forage and crops during seed germination period under PEG stress. Seed, 2013, 32(11): 15-19. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[29]	张一弓, 王玉, 刘梦, 杨淑君, 张荟荟. 碱胁迫下硅促进冰草种子萌发. 草业科学, 2015, 32(7): 1093-1098. Zhang Y G, Wang Y, Liu M, Yang S J, Zhang H H. Effect of silicon on Agropyron cristatum seed germination under alkaline stress. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(7): 1093-1098. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[30]	马彦军, 曹致中, 李毅. 八种胡枝子属植物种子萌发期抗旱性的比较. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2009, 44(5): 124-128. Ma Y J, Cao Z Z, Li Y. Comparative study on the drought resistance 8 species of Lespedeza in seed germination period. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2009, 44(5): 124-128. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[31]	周璐璐, 伏兵哲, 许冬梅, 陈莉萍, 吴小娟, 高雪芹. 盐胁迫对沙芦草萌发特性影响及耐盐性评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259. Zhou L L, Fu B Z, Xu D M, Chen L P, Wu X J, Gao X Q. Effects of salt stress on germination characteristics of Agropyron mongolicum and salt-tolerance evaluation. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

1999

0.0

王根绪, 程国栋, 徐中民. 中国西北干旱区水资源利用及其生态环境问题. 自然资源学报, 1999, 14(2): 109-116.

Wang G

, Cheng G

, Xu Z

The utilization of water resource and its influence on eco-environment in the northwest arid area of China.

Journal of Natural Resources, 1999, 14(2): 109-116. (in Chinese)

The northwest arid area of China,having about 1/4 of the total area o f China,is located near the center of the Eurasian continent.There are many mounta ins with elevations of 4300-7000m,which scatter between plains feeding 676 inla nd rivers.In the late 50 years,the exploitation and utilization of water resourc es in those rivers have led to the formation of 390 07×10 4 ha of man made oas es that scattered all over the river basins,and built of about 622 reservoirs wi th a storage capacity of 65 5×10 8 m3 The large scale utilization of water reso urces has not only facilitated the steady development of agricultural economy bu t also resulted in very serious impacts on eco environment in the arid area: (a) The runoff courses of most rivers were shorten ed and the terminal lakes were reduced or dried up.The water quality in the lower reach esbecame worsened.(b)Soil salinization and desertification became more and more s erious in these regions.The salinized area totalled about 210 18×10 4 ha,and des ertified area about 674 93×10 4 ha.(c)Vegetation has been seriously degraded or destroyed.The natural vegetated area was reduced by 49%-58%,grassland reduced by 16%-92% and degraded grassland area occupied about 52%.

Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, CAS, Lanzhou 730000

近５０年来,西北干旱区随水土资源开发利用规模的不断扩展,使区域内工农业与经济得以稳定持续发展。但同时,引起一系列生态环境变化。①大多数河流下游水量锐减,甚至断流,河道缩短,终端湖泊萎缩或干涸,水质咸化和污染趋势加剧；②土壤沙漠化和盐碱化,沙漠化土地面积达６７４９３×１０４ｈｍ２ ,盐碱化耕地面积逾１３５５６×１０４ｈｍ２；③植被退化,生物多样性减少,与５０年代初相比,天然森林面积减少４９％～５８％,草地面积减少１６％～９２％；④沙尘暴灾害发生频数增加,灾害程度加剧。节约与高效化利用水资源以及生态环境效益与经济效益间统一协调是西北干旱区可持续发展的根本途径

... 5%,由于深居欧亚大陆腹地,平均降水量在160 mm以下,基本上不产生地表径流,是世界上最严酷的干旱区之一^[1] ...

2015

0.0

... 由于土地资源使用不当,每年都有大面积的耕地因人为活动而导致土壤次生盐渍化的发生,使中国可耕地面积进一步缩小,对中国农业增产保收造成严重障碍^[2] ...

2011

0.0

... 种子萌发阶段和幼苗生长期是植物生长过程中最重要的两个阶段,决定着作物的生长以及产量^[3] ...

2009

0.0

黄文达, 王彦荣, 胡小文. 三种荒漠植物种子萌发的水热响应. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 171-177.

Huang W

, Wang Y

, Hu X

Germination response of three desert plants to temperature and water potential.

Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 171-177. (in Chinese)

种子萌发水热模型量化了温度和水分对种子萌发的作用，是开展种子生理生态研究的重要方法之一。本研究测定了采自内蒙古阿拉善干旱荒漠区的无芒隐子草、多裂骆驼蓬和雾滨藜３种荒漠植物种子在１５，２０，２５，３０℃恒温、－２．１～０ＭＰａ水势条件下种子的累计萌发率和萌发速率（１／t ５０），利用水热模型对萌发的水分时间累计值（θ H ）和温度时间累计值（θ T ）进行了估测。结果表明，３种供试植物种子的累计萌发率与水分呈极显著正相关（R ２＝０．５４～０．９３， P ＜０．０１）；除多裂骆驼蓬（发芽率未达到５０％）外，其他２种植物种子的萌发速率也与水分呈极显著正相关（R ２＝０．６６～０．９５， P ＜０．０１）。３种种子萌发的水分时间累计值的变化因温度而异，在１５～２５℃内都表现为多裂骆驼蓬＜雾滨藜＜无芒隐子草；萌发的温度时间累计值（θ T ）亦因渗透势的变化而变化，在０～－１．５ＭＰａ水势间都表现为多裂骆驼蓬＜雾滨藜＜无芒隐子草。

... 在西北地区,种子的萌发常常受到降水、气候、土壤结构和理化性质^[4]等环境因子的影响,导致牧草种子萌发困难、出苗不齐和幼苗抗性弱等一系列问题,使栽培草地难以成功建植 ...

2004

0.0

... 草木樨属(Melilotus)为豆科一年生或二年生草本植物^[5],主要分布于欧洲、北非和中亚,在我国主要分布在西北、华北、东北,其中白花草木樨(M ...

1989

0.0

... 草木樨生命力强,具有抗旱、抗寒、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱、生长快等特点,其用途广泛,可当作防风固沙、保持水土、改善土壤肥力的生态草种植^[6,7],也可用作绿肥和蜜源植物^[8,9],草木樨的药用价值也越来越得到重视^[10] ...

2014

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2015

0.0

2012

0.0

2006

0.0

... 营养价值方面,草木樨干草含粗蛋白质12%~24%,无氮浸出物33%~42%,是一种优良的牧草^[11] ...

2001

0.0

... 2 PEG处理采用纸上培养法^[12],在培养皿种放入双层滤纸,每个培养皿里摆放50粒种子,3次重复 ...

1996

0.0

... 种子发芽期间,每日记录种子发芽数,根据国际种子检验规程^[13],有明显的胚根#cod#x0201c ...

2014

0.0

何学青, 呼天明, 许岳飞, 冯雪, 方燕利, 龙明秀. PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫对柳枝稷种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 草地学报, 2014, 22(3): 556-563.

He X

, Hu T

, Xu Y

, Feng

, Fang Y

, Long M

Effect of water stress induced by polyethlenegly-6000 the seed germination and seedling growth of switchgrass.

Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(3): 556-563. (in Chinese)

The seed physiological qualities of three switchgrass ecotypes ( Panicum virgatum L.) were evaluated in laboratory by the simulation of water potentials using polyethyleneglycol-6000 (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa). The physiological indices including germination percentage, normal seedlings, ungerminated fresh seeds, dead seeds, germination index, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length and leaf area were measured. Results showed that the seed germination percentage, germination index, vigor index and seedling growth indexes of three switchgrass varieties increased under water stress, while the normal seedlings rate significantly decreased with osmotic potential decreasing. Fresh ungerminated seeds increased significantly, and dead seeds also increased compared to control. However, there was no significant difference among treatments. These results indicated that the secondary dormancy of switchgrass seed was induced in the treatment of lower osmotic potential. The effects of water stress on seed germination and seedling growth was severe when osmotic potential was below -0.4 MPa. The adaptability and resistance of switchgrass to water stress differed between tested cultivars. The adaptabilities of three switchgrass ecotypes to water stress were ordered as Alamo (lowland) >Cave-in-Rock (intermediate) >Sunburst (upland).

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; 2. School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

采用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟不同水势（0.0，-0.2，-0.4，-0.6，-0.8和-1.0 MPa），在25℃条件下采用纸上发芽法测定发芽率、正常幼苗数、新鲜未发芽种子数、死种子数、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗长和叶面积等生理指标，研究水分胁迫对3个生态型的柳枝稷（ Panicum virgatum L.）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：3个品种柳枝稷种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗生长指标均随水分胁迫程度的增加而下降，且基本符合“S”型曲线，而正常幼苗数随渗透势的下降显著降低，新鲜未发芽种子数显著增加，死种子数较对照增加，但各处理间差异不显著，说明降低渗透势可诱导柳枝稷种子二次休眠，当渗透势在-0.4 MPa时，水分胁迫对种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响较严重，不同品种柳枝稷种子对水分胁迫的适应性和抵抗力有一定差异，3个生态型的柳枝稷种子对水分胁迫的适应性强弱为Alamo（低地型）>Cave-in-Rock （中间型）>Sunburst（高地型）。

... 用模糊数学隶属法^[14,15,16]对5种不同种质草木樨种子萌发期抗旱及耐盐性进行综合评价 ...

... 水分胁迫继续增大时,对草木樨种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用,表现在降低种子的萌发率和发芽势等,这与已报道的许多研究结果一致,可能是因为不同渗透势的PEG-6000在种子萌发过程中已经通过种子组织控制了吸水率^[14],使植物组织和细胞处于类似干旱的水分胁迫中^[18,19,20],因此,影响了种子的发芽过程,最终影响了种子的发芽率 ...

2006

0.0

... 用模糊数学隶属法^[14,15,16]对5种不同种质草木樨种子萌发期抗旱及耐盐性进行综合评价 ...

2011

0.0

穆怀彬, 伏兵哲, 德英. PEG-6000胁迫下10个苜蓿品种幼苗期抗旱性比较. 草业科学, 2011, 28(10): 1809-1814.

Mu H

, Fu B

, De

Drought tolerance of alfalfa seedling of 10 varieties under PEG-6000 stress.

Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(10): 1809-1814. (in Chinese)

An experiment was conducted to estimate the drought tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings of 10 varieties stressed by PEG6000 with the concentrations of 0 (CK)、-0.3、-0.6、-0.9 and -1.2 MPa by measuring cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro) and carotenoid (Car) concentration as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. This study showed that the cell membrane permeability, MDA and Car concentration in alfalfa leaves increased and the Pro concentration and SOD activity firstly decreased and then increased as drought stress increased. The maximum range of drought resistance of alfalfa seedlings was at -0.9 MPa water potential around. The subordination function analysis showed that the drought tolerance of 10 alfalfa varieties was German Derby＞Millionaire＞Algonquin＞West blend＞FGZT 106＞Emperor 1#＞Golden Empress＞Affinity＞XinJiang Daye＞Siriver.

为比较苜蓿（Medicago sativa）幼苗抗旱性，采用5种不同水势（0、-0.3、-0.6、-0.9和-1.2 MPa）的PEG6000溶液对10个苜蓿品种幼苗进行模拟干旱胁迫，测定了细胞膜透性，丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）和类胡萝卜素（Car）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性等生理生化指标。结果表明，随着干旱胁迫的加剧，苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜透性、MDA和Car含量总体呈上升趋势；Pro含量和SOD活性总体呈先降后升的趋势；苜蓿幼苗期的耐旱极限在-0.9 MPa水势附近；利用隶属函数分析得出10个苜蓿品种的抗旱性强弱为：德国德贝＞大富豪＞阿尔冈金＞West blend＞FGZT 106＞苜蓿王1#＞皇后 2000＞爱菲尼特＞新疆大叶＞四季旺。

... 用模糊数学隶属法^[14,15,16]对5种不同种质草木樨种子萌发期抗旱及耐盐性进行综合评价 ...

0.0

... 3 讨论已有研究表明,将植物种子在一定渗透势的PEG-6000溶液中浸泡一段时间后其种子发芽率、发芽势可提高^[17],这与本研究中发现的结果基本相一致,在高渗透势条件下(-0 ...

2001

0.0

... 种子萌发受种子自身因素影响很大,单一指标不能充分说明种子耐盐性的综合情况,本研究采用发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、幼苗长等多个指标进行分析并通过各抗旱及耐盐指标的隶属值进行综合评价,目的就是排除种子自身因素的干扰,准确评价出种子抗旱及耐盐能力大小^[18,28,29] ...

2010

0.0

2004

0.0

2008

0.0

... 史锋厚等^[21]在PEG引发白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)种子发芽的研究中认为,PEG处理的根本效果在影响种子萌发方面,对幼苗生长的影响是在影响种子萌发的基础上实现的 ...

2008

0.0

... 盐胁迫与干旱胁迫既相似又存在差异,盐胁迫主要影响细胞内的离子平衡^[22]和水分平衡 ...

2012

0.0

王志才, 牙库甫江·阿西木, 王艳, 张富春. 水盐胁迫对花花柴种子萌发的影响. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(3): 750-755.

Wang Z

, Yakupujiang·Aximu, Wang Y, Zhang F C. Effects of salt and water stress on seed germination of Karilinia caspica. Journal of Desert Research, 2012, 32(3): 750-755. (in Chinese)

Salt and water stresses have direct influences on seed germination. The present study explored the salt-tolerance characteristics of Karilinia caspica seeds with or without pappus after treated with NaCl of different concentrations. Seeds with or without pappus showed no significant difference in the final germination percentage, but the germination time of seed with pappus was prolonged due to pappus's hindrance to seed water absorption. No distinct seed dormancy was observed when seeds were treated by cold stratification, which suggested K. caspica seeds could germinate quickly once environmental conditions were favorable. The effects of NaCl stress and iso-osmotic PEG6000（polyethylene glycol） stress on K. caspica seed germination were checked. Results showed that: (1) both NaCl and iso-osmotic PEG greatly inhibited the seeds germination by reducing germination rate, prolonging germination time, and shortening germ and radicle; (2) the influence of NaCl on K. caspica seed germination was obviously greater than that of iso-osmotic PEG, which suggested that ion stress was the main factor that inhibits seeds germination of K. caspica; (3) the critical and the extreme concentrations of NaCl for K. caspica seeds germination were 213 mM and 340 mM respectively; (4) low concentration of NaCl (50 mM) had little influence on K. caspica seeds germination as well as the growth of germ, indicating that K. caspica seeds can germinate normally under low salt condition; (5) high concentration salt stressed ungerminated K. caspica seeds showed high regermination rate under rewatering treatment, though the final germination rates of the seeds treated with different NaCl concentrations were not significantly different, indicating that high NaCl stress drove the seeds into dormancy but no damage to seed viability.

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

水盐胁迫直接影响盐生植物的种子萌发,本研究通过对盐生植物花花柴种子带冠毛与否及不同胁迫处理下种子萌发率的比较分析,探讨花花柴种子萌发期的耐盐特性。对花花柴带冠毛和不带冠毛种子在蒸馏水中的对比萌发结果表明,冠毛对花花柴种子的最终萌发率无影响,但明显延长种子的萌发时间,可能与阻碍种子吸水有关。花花柴种子经过冷处理,成熟的种子没有出现生理休眠现象,有利于种子在条件适宜时迅速起始萌发。采用不同浓度NaCl和等渗的PEG6000 (聚乙二醇) 处理花花柴种子,结果表明：①NaCl和PEG胁迫对花花柴种子的萌发具有非常明显的抑制作用,主要表现为降低种子的萌发率,延长种子的萌发时间,抑制胚根和胚芽的生长；②NaCl对花花柴种子萌发的抑制作用明显地大于等渗的PEG,说明离子胁迫是影响花花柴种子萌发的主要因素；③花花柴种子萌发的耐盐临界值为213 mM,极限值为340 mM；④低浓度的NaCl溶液（50 mM）不影响花花柴种子的萌发和胚芽的生长,表明花花柴种子适宜在低盐条件下萌发；⑤盐胁迫下未萌发种子的复水实验结果表明,高盐处理后未萌发的种子具有较高的复萌率,但各处理下种子最终萌发率没有显著差异,表明高盐能使种子休眠,但种子的活力仍能保持,有利于种群的维持。

... 一般情况下,盐生植物其发芽率和发芽势在无盐和较低盐分条件下较高,高盐分条件下种子的萌发会受到抑制^[23,24,25] ...

2004

0.0

鱼小军, 王彦荣, 曾彦军, 苏德. 温度和水分对无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子萌发的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(5): 883-887.

Yu X

, Wang Y

, Zeng Y

, Su

Effects of temperature and osmotic potential on seed germination of Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(5): 883-887. (in Chinese)

Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii are important native plant species in the north-west desert grassland of China, and play a significant role in pasture production and vegetation restoration. Research on factors affecting germination of these species has not been reported previously. A series of laboratory tests were therefore conducted to study germination response of the two species to temperature and osmotic potential. The temperature regime for both species included 5 constant temperatures(1...

研究了无芒隐子草 (Cleistogenessongorica)和条叶车前 (Plantago lessingii)种子萌发对不同温度和水分渗透势的响应。温度在 10℃恒温至 5 0 /2 0℃变温范围内设 11个处理 ,水分渗透势在 0～ - 1.8MPa区间以 0 .2 MPa为间隔设 10个处理。结果显示 :无芒隐子草鞘内小穗的种子具有很高的生活力 ,其萌发温度幅较宽 ,在 10～ 5 0 /2 0℃温度区间 ,较高温度促进萌发 ;条叶车前种子萌发温度幅较窄 ,在 10～ 30℃温度区间 ,较低温度促进其萌发。无芒隐子草和条叶车前种子的最佳萌发温度分别为35 /2 0℃变温和 2 0℃恒温 ,在此条件下的发芽率分别达 94 %和 6 1% ,后者发芽率低的原因是种子存在生理休眠。两种植物种子萌发的最低水分阈值为 - 1.6 MPa,发芽率皆随渗透势降低而呈直线下降趋势 ,但条叶车前较无芒隐子草下降缓慢。发芽率 (y)与渗透势 (x)的回归方程 ,无芒隐子草为 y1 =- 10 .976 x1 +98.4 (r2 =0 .95 4 ) ,条叶车前为 y2 =- 5 .90 9x2 +6 0 .2 (r2 =0.964）。随着水分胁迫的加剧，供试种胚芽长呈逐渐下降趋势，但胚根长呈先增加（无芒隐子草在-0.6MPa，而条叶车前在-0.4MPa）而后下降的趋势。讨论了两种植物种子萌发对不同温度和水分响应的生态学意义。

... 一般情况下,盐生植物其发芽率和发芽势在无盐和较低盐分条件下较高,高盐分条件下种子的萌发会受到抑制^[23,24,25] ...

1995

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... 一般情况下,盐生植物其发芽率和发芽势在无盐和较低盐分条件下较高,高盐分条件下种子的萌发会受到抑制^[23,24,25] ...

2013

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... 本研究发现,随着NaCl浓度的增加,5份材料的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长及幼苗长均不同程度地受到抑制,这与在钠盐胁迫对白花草木樨^[26]种子发芽的研究结果相一致 ...

2012

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卢艳敏. 不同盐胁迫对高羊茅种子萌发的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(7): 1088-1093.

Lu Y

Effect of different saline stress on seed germination of tall fescue.

Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(7): 1088-1093. (in Chinese)

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different concentrations solution with NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, mixture of NaCl and Na2CO3, mixture of NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 on germination rate, germination power, germination index, and vigor index of tall fescue seeds. The results of this study showed that the low concentration salt solution did not affect the germination of Tall Fescue seeds but the high concentration salt solution significantly inhibited the germination of Tall Fescue seeds. With the increasing of salt concentration, the germination rate, germination power, germination index, vigor index of tall fescue seeds decreased, and the root and shoot growth of seedlings reduced obviously. The order of seed germination restrained by different salt treatments was Na2SO4

用不同浓度的NaCl，Na2CO3，Na2SO4 ，NaCl和Na2CO3 的混合液以及NaCl、Na2CO3和Na2SO4的混合液分别处理高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）种子，研究不同盐分胁迫对高羊茅种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗根长和苗高的影响。结果表明，低浓度盐处理对高羊茅种子的萌发影响不大，高浓度盐处理显著抑制了种子的萌发。随着盐浓度的升高，高羊茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均呈下降趋势，且对幼苗生长和幼根生长的抑制作用加强。高羊茅种子对不同类型盐的耐受性各异，不同盐分对种子萌发的抑制程度为Na2SO4

... 高盐抑制种子萌发是由于渗透效应和毒性效应^[27],同时高浓度的NaCl破坏了材料种子细胞膜的结构与功能也可能是影响种子萌发的原因之一 ...

2013

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2015

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张一弓, 王玉, 刘梦, 杨淑君, 张荟荟. 碱胁迫下硅促进冰草种子萌发. 草业科学, 2015, 32(7): 1093-1098.

Zhang Y

, Wang

, Liu

, Yang S

, Zhang H

Effect of silicon on Agropyron cristatum seed germination under alkaline stress.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(7): 1093-1098. (in Chinese)

In order to study the effects of silion on seeds germination of Agropyron cristatum cv. Tawukumu under alkaline stress, the seeds performance under alkaline +silicon treatments including five alkaline (NaHCO3) stress levels (10，30，60，90 and 120 mmol·L-1) with 1.0 mmol·L-1 Na2SiO3 solution were evaluated. The results showed that Na2SiO3 treatment significantly increased (P

Grassland institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830000, China

以塔乌库姆冰草（Agropyron cristatum cv. Tawukumu）种子为材料，采用人工模拟碱（NaHCO3）胁迫，设10、30、60、90、120 mmol·L-1 5个浓度作为碱处理，各浓度添加1.0 mmol·L-1Na2SiO3溶液作为碱+硅处理，研究碱胁迫下硅对冰草种子萌发的影响。结果显示，在不同浓度的碱胁迫下添加外源硅显著增加了冰草种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根和胚芽生物量（P

2009

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... 抗旱及耐盐性是受多种因素影响的复杂数量性状,在萌发期鉴定出的具有较强抗性的种质是否在苗期乃至整个生育期也具有较强的抗性,其相关程度还有待进行苗期和全生育期的进一步研究^[30,31] ...

2015

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周璐璐, 伏兵哲, 许冬梅, 陈莉萍, 吴小娟, 高雪芹. 盐胁迫对沙芦草萌发特性影响及耐盐性评价. 草业科学, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259.

Zhou L

, Fu B

, Xu D

, Chen L

, Wu X

, Gao X

Effects of salt stress on germination characteristics of Agropyron mongolicum and salt-tolerance evaluation.

Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(8): 1252-1259. (in Chinese)

The germination characteristics of 7 wild ecotypes of Agropyron mongolicum from different areas and cultivar Mengnong No. 1 under different NaCl concentrations（0.00%, 0.30%, 0.60%, 0.90%, 1.20%）were measured and salt tolerance performances were comprehensive evaluated by membership function. The result showed the salt stress had obvious inhibition on each index because the germination percentage, germination potential, germination index, vitality index and relative seedling length and root length obviously decreased with the increase of salt stress. Light salt stress (0.30% and 0.60%) promoted radicle growth for some materials and heavy salt stress (0.90% and 1.20%) strongly inhibited radicle growth for all these 8 germplasms. Based on the membership function method, the salt stress tolerance of these studied 8 germplasms decreased in the following order: Fengjigou No.7 > Xinzhuangji No.5 > Ma’erzhuang No.4 > Yehujing No.3 > Sidunzi No.1 > Sidunzi No.2 > Agropyron mongolicum cv. Mengnong No.1 > Luoshan protection No.6. Thus, the germplasms from Fengjigou had stronger salt tolerance and the germplasms from Luoshan natural reservation had weaker tolerance.

1.Grassland Science Institute, Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2.Science and Technology Department, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

用不同浓度（0.00%、0.30%、0.60%、0.90%、1.20%）的NaCl溶液对7份不同地区野生的沙芦草（Agropyron mongolicum）和对照蒙农1号蒙古冰草（Agropyron mongolicum cv. Mengnong No. 1）进行种子萌发期盐胁迫试验，并采用隶属函数法对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明，不同浓度的NaCl溶液对沙芦草的各项指标均有影响，且随着胁迫强度的增强，发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数活力指数、苗长与根长均有明显下降；轻度盐胁迫（0.30%、0.60%）对沙芦草部分材料幼根的生长具有促进作用，重度盐胁迫（0.90%、1.20%）对幼根具有较强的抑制作用。隶属函数法评价结果表明，8份材料萌发期耐盐性排序为：冯记沟7号>新庄集5号>马儿庄4号>野湖井3号>四墩子1号>四墩子2号>蒙农1号蒙古冰草>罗山保护区6号，初步判定于冯记沟采集的沙芦草野生种耐盐性最强，于罗山保护区采集的野生种耐盐性最弱。