金沙江下游沿岸海拔1300m(阴坡)～1600m阳坡)为干热河谷,根据其环境特点、人工造林成功率低的事实,分析指出金沙江干热河谷的自然植被恢复应以稀树灌草为主体,因地制宜提出了植被恢复的四个主要途径:(1)建立水土保持人工生态经济林,提高经济和生态效益;(2)封山育草,防治坡面侵蚀;(3)加强沟谷灌草建设,防治沟谷侵蚀;(4)城镇工矿人工生态林草建设,提高环境质量.

植被恢复是金沙江干热河谷区生态恢复的有效途径.分析了金沙江干热河谷特殊的自然条件和恶劣的生态环境现状,回顾了金沙江干热河谷自1950年代以来的植被恢复历程,综述了金沙江干热河谷植被恢复中的理论研究、品种选择、技术突破、效益评价等的研究进展,指出了目前本区植被恢复中研究手段、方法和内容等方面的不足,强调今后研究应注重加强高新技术的应用,重视植被恢复的科学性、现实性和可操作性,及加大乡土种的筛选与应用研究等方面的内容.

以国内外20个优良紫花苜蓿品种为材料,研究了离体条件下叶片相对含水量、膜相对透性、游离脯氨酸和叶绿素含量等生理性状对干旱胁迫的响应,探讨了各种生理变化与抗旱性的关系,并结合草产量对其抗旱性进行了综合评价.结果表明,抗旱性强的品种在干旱胁迫下草产量高,叶片保水能力强,叶绿素持有率高,游离脯氨酸维持积累时间较长,维持积累量较高,能保持较高的细胞膜相对完整性.依据上述5项指标,通过系统聚类分析,将 20个紫花苜蓿品种分为抗旱性强、较强、中等、较弱和弱5个等级.

The chlorophyll content of domestic and overseas spring wheat in different ecosystem and its connection with drought resistance have been researched under irrigation condition in different year,the experimental results as the comparison indicated that the chlorophyll content of dry land is lower about 5.37 than that of wet land in the condition of irrigation.Under the dry stress condition,the dry stress treated chlorophyll content went down 2.39 compared with comparison and chlorophyll content of dry land went down 1.89 compared with that of wet land.That also has been found there is less discrepancy among different years of chlorophyll content.Chlorophyll content correlated Δ positively.And chlorophyll content correlated drought resistance tightly.

在不同年份、不同灌水条件下,对国内外不同春小麦叶绿素含量及其与抗旱性的关系进行了研究,结果表明,在正常灌水条件下(对照),旱地品种叶绿素含量较水地品种低5.37.在旱胁迫条件下,旱胁迫处理的叶绿素含量较正常灌水降低2.39,旱地品种叶绿素含量降低值小于水地品种.年际间叶绿素含量的差异较小.叶绿素含量与碳同位素分辨率(Δ)呈极显著正相关.叶绿素含量与抗旱性密切相关.

Drought stress is a serious constraint for peanut production worldwide. It is necessary to identify the drought resistance mechanisms of different peanut cultivars in drought-resistance breeding . Under the artificial water control condition, the peanut root morphological and physiological characteristics under drought stress at seedling stage and pod-setting stage were studied using 12 different drought-resistance peanut cultivars as material. The results showed that drought resistance at seedling stage was basically identical with that at pod-setting stage. According to yield-drought resistance coefficient, 12 peanut cultivars were divided into three grades: high-resistance, including A596, Shanhua 11, and Rugaoxiyangsheng; mid-resistance, including Huayu 20, Nongda 818, Haihua 1, Shanhua 9, and 79266; and weak-resistance, including ICG6848, Baisha 1016, Hua 17, and Penglaiyiwohou. In those peanut cultivars, Shanhua11 can be used as the standard cultivar for high drought resistance identification, and 79266 as the standard cultivar for weak one. The root drought resistance mechanism of 12 peanut cultivars were different, Shanhua 9, Shanhua11 and Huayu 20 presented a larger biomass and strong absorption capacity, while A596, Nongda 818, Shanhua 11 and Rugaoxiyangsheng had strong antioxidant capacity and membrane stability under drought stress. Correlations between drought resistance and root weight, volume, total absorption area per plant, root superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content under serious drought stress were significant, also under control condition. Therefore, under drought stress of 40% RWC for 10 to 24 d after germination, the root weight, volume, total absorption area per plant, SOD activity and MDA content could be used for identifies the drought resistance ability of peanut roots, the resistances degree also can be reflected by the indices above under normal water condition. Shanhua 11 can be used as a suitable standard cultivar for root morphological and physiological drought resistance characteristics identification in peanut

以 12 个花生品种为试验材料 , 在人工控水条件下 , 通过苗期及结荚期干旱试验 , 对比分析花生品种苗期根系性状与抗旱性的关系。结果表明 , 花生苗期与结荚期抗旱性基本一致。利用产量抗旱系数可把 12 个花生品种的抗旱性划分为强、中、弱 3 级 , 抗旱性强的品种为 A596 、山花 11 和如皋西洋生 , 中度抗旱品种为花育 20 、农大 818 、海花 1 号、山花 9 号和 79266 , 抗旱性弱的品种有 ICG6848 、白沙 1016 、花 17 和蓬莱一窝猴。山花 11 可作为花生强抗旱性鉴定的标准品种 , 79266 可作为花生弱抗旱性鉴定的标准品种。山花 9 号、山花 11 、花育 20 的根系抗旱机制为较大的根量及根系吸收能力 , 而 A596 、如皋西洋生、农大 818 、山花 11 为较强的根系抗氧化能力及膜稳定性。相关分析表明 , 苗期重度干旱胁迫下的单株根系干重、体积、总吸收面积、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量与品种抗旱系数的相关性达极显著水平 , 对照与重度干旱胁迫下的以上性状呈极显著正相关。因此 , 在花生出苗后 10 d 进行 40% 土壤相对含水量的干旱胁迫 , 持续胁迫至出苗 24 d 的单株根系干重、体积、总吸收面积、根尖 SOD 活性和 MDA 含量可鉴定花生品种的根系抗旱能力 , 正常水分下的性状值也能反映根系性状的抗旱级别。 山花 11 可作为花生根系形态及生理优异抗旱性状鉴定的标准品种。

研究了从抽穗开花到籽粒成熟过程中,水稻植株顶部三片叶子的超氧物歧化酶(SOD),脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量及二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性的变化。实验结果表明:叶片的衰老伴随着 SOD 活性、RuBP 羧化酶活性及叶绿素含量的降低、丙二醛含量显著增高。分离了三个 SOD 的同工酶,证明为 Cu—Zn SOD。观察了 SOD 同工酶在叶片老化及酶液存放不同时间中的变化。讨论了叶片衰老过程中氧自由基对酶及质膜的损伤影响。

正 近年来国外对植物抗逆性与脯氨酸关系的研究日益重视。通常情况下植物体内游离脯氨酸的含量很低,但在逆境(旱、热、冷、冻) 条件下,脯氨酸含量可猛增数十倍至百倍。植株体内脯氨酸含量在一定程度上反映了植株体内水份状况,因此,测定脯氨酸的量可被用作灌溉的生理指标。另外,在同样逆境条件下,不同品种反应不同,抗旱性强的品种比不耐旱品种所积累的脯氨酸高出数倍。因此脯氨酸含量的测定可作为抗旱品种选育的参考性生理指标。据Barneff和Na-ylor的解释,由于脯氨酸亲水性极强,能稳定原生质胶体及组织内代谢过程,因而可提高植物的抗旱性。另据苏联哈萨克农业研究所报道(81年国外科技动态):植物组织中游离脯氨酸增加可增强植物的抗寒性,因为脯氨酸增加可降低泳点,提高低温锻炼效应,对蛋白质在

低温干旱胁迫对烟草种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响及提高其抗寒抗旱性 的研究　　 烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）起源于热带，对水分要求很高。我国大部分烟区尤其是西南山区，干旱缺水常成为制约烟草种植和品质形成的主要因素。另外，烟草是喜温作物，对低温胁迫 耐受力较差。低温冷害影响烟草种子发芽、出苗和幼苗生长，最终降低烟叶的质量和产量。因此，提高烟草种子和幼苗的耐寒和耐旱性具有重要意义。本文分别对干 旱和低温胁迫下20个烟草品种的耐寒和耐旱性进行了鉴定。对不同耐寒和耐旱品种生理生化特性和叶片细胞超微结构的变化进行了测定和观察。然后，尝...

Effects of soil water stress on biological components of Misconstrues sacchariflorus were studied by using pot cultured seedlings as experimental materials, exposing them to light, moderate stress and heavy water stress. Results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, stem internode length, leaf area, specific leaf weight, rhizome stem diameter, rhizome distribution depth, rhizome internode length, ground and underground part biomass, and crown root ratio declined with stress increased. M.sacchariflorus can adapt to light water stress. Under light water stress, except crown root ratio, stem diameter, leaf area, specific leaf weight and member, the rest biological components(normal water supply) had no significant difference（P＞0.05), with control. Under moderate and heavy water stress, biological components were serious restrained and had significant difference （P＜0.05） with control.

以荻（Miscanthus sacchariflorus）实生苗为研究对象，对其生物学构件在轻度、中度和重度水分胁迫下的响应进行了研究。结果表明，随着土壤含水量的下降，荻的株高、茎粗、茎节间长度、叶面积、比叶重、地下茎茎粗、地下茎分布深度、地下茎节间长度、地上及地下部分生物量和冠根比均随之下降；荻可以适应轻度的水分胁迫，在轻度水分胁迫下，除了冠根比、茎粗、叶面积和比叶重等构件外，其余生物构件与对照无显著差异（P>0.05）；而在中度和重度水分胁迫下，荻生物构件均受到严重抑制，与对照差异显著（P＜0.05）。

摘　要： 青藏高原是我国重要的生态屏障,具有重要的水源涵养功能。高寒草地生态系统退化将严重地影响 高原的水源涵养功能。为了定量研究人类活动对青藏高原高寒草地水分保持功能的影响,采用大型风洞实验,模拟人类不同的干扰方式和干扰程度对高寒草地土壤水 分保持功能的影响。实验样品采自青藏高原三个草地类型：高寒草甸、草原化草甸和高寒草原。干扰方式包括破坏草地地上部分和根系,干扰程度包括轻干扰、中度 干扰、重度干扰和全部破坏。实验结果表明,地上部分破坏后,土壤含水率均有下降,降幅分别为：QZ1为6.9%～9.2%、QZ2为 6.8%～10.1%、QZ3为9%～10%;当根系遭到破坏后土壤含水率的降幅则分别为：QZ1为16%～30%,QZ2为 17.25～32.1%,QZ3为22%～50%,显然,根系破坏后土壤含水率降幅远大于地表植被破坏后的情形。因此,植被根系是高寒草地水分保持功能的 关键。随着干扰程度的加剧,土壤含水率在迅速下降。从试验模拟结果看,三个草地类型中土壤水分保持功能分别是高寒草甸〉草原化草甸〉高寒草原。

以目前生产上广泛应用的'兰引3号'结缕草、'青岛结缕草'和马尼拉为对照,对48份结缕草种源的表征永久萎蔫系数(APWI)进行了测定并分析,结果如下:1) 各种源的APWI的变异范围为8.78%～13.41%,变异系数为9.10%.在48份供试种源中,APWI显著低于'兰引3号'结缕草的有6份种源;APWI显著低于马尼拉的有2份种源;APWI显著低于'青岛结缕草'的有15份种源;APWI同时显著低于3份对照的有2份种源.结缕草属植物的APWI存在极显著的差异.2)结缕草属植物不同种的APWI不同,其排序为:中华结缕草＞大穗结缕草＞结缕草＞沟叶结缕草＝细叶结缕草,其中变异系数最大为结缕草.3)APWI在结缕草、中华结缕草种内存在着极显著的差异,且结缕草种内抗旱性差异明显高于中华结缕草种内差异.4)结缕草属植物的APWI与经度和纬度均未发现显著相关;结缕草、中华结缕草种内的APWI与经纬度也未发现显著的线性相关.

 The pot experiment was carried out to deal with leaf physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of Zygophyllum xanthoxylum seedlings under different water stress. Meanwhile, the correlation between leaf physiological characteristics and water use efficiency were also analyzed.The results of this study showed that， 1) the total leaf area and single leaf area activity decreased with the decrease of soil water content. Total number of leafs on severe drought was sharply reduced by 51.2% compared with that on moderate drought; 2) leaf water potential and leaf relative water content reduced with the decrease of soil water content significantly, but leaf relative water content changed a little; 3) the chlorophyll content increased with the decrease of soil water content, but there was no difference among treatments; 4) when soil water content decreased, stomatal density increased significantly，whereas stomatal length and width decreased significantly; 5) water stress increased the longterm water use efficiency. The water use efficiency had significant positive correlation (P

以霸王（Zygophyllum xanthoxylum）种子为材料，通过盆栽试验进行水分胁迫处理并分析其幼苗期叶片生长生理特性的变化及其与长期水分利用效率之间的相关关系。结果显示，1）霸王幼苗总叶面积、单叶面积随着水分胁迫的加剧显著减小，严重胁迫使总叶数急剧减少，与中度胁迫处理相比减少了51.2%； 2）水分胁迫显著降低了幼苗期霸王的叶水势和叶片相对含水量（P 0.05)； 4）水分胁迫引起幼苗期霸王叶片气孔数的显著增多，同时气孔长度和宽度显著减小(P 0.05)。表明霸王长期适应阿拉善荒漠干旱环境，干旱胁迫下通过改变叶片的生理特性来提高抗旱性。

Drought resistance of four native grass species, including Roegneria thoroldiana, Poa pratensis, Elymus nutans and Festuca sinensis, in seedling stage was studied by pot culturing experiment. The results indicated that, the content of free proline(Fpro), soluble protein and soluble sugar, and the activity of catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) increased with the increasing of drought stress. Beside, with the increasing of drought stress, decompose of chlorophyll, membrane permeability and electrolyte leakage rate were also increased, and the cellular tissues of grasses were damaged. Different grass spices had different changes on physiological and biochemical indexes under drought stress. The results of subordinate function analysis indicated that, the drought resistance ability of four grass species were R.thoroldiana>P.pratensis>E.nutans>F.sinensis.

采用盆栽法对梭罗草（Roegneria thoroldiana）、草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）、垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）和中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）4种高原乡土禾本科牧草幼苗的抗旱性进行了比较。结果表明，一定程度的干旱胁迫后，4种禾草的游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性等均有所增加，且叶绿素分解、细胞膜透性增大、电解质外渗率增加，牧草组织细胞受到伤害。不同牧草在干旱胁迫下生理生化指标的变化不同，综合各项指标，运用隶属函数分析表明，4种禾草抗旱性强弱的排序为梭罗草>草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草>中华羊茅。

以抗旱性不同的2个玉米品种为材料,研究不同程度水分胁迫下玉米根系活性氧清除系统的变化及膜脂过氧化水平.明确了轻度水分胁迫下玉米根系POD、CAT、APX等保护酶活性明显提高;中、重度胁迫下其活性急剧下降,但几种酶对水分胁迫的敏感程度不同.SOD对水分胁迫表现最不敏感,在中度水分胁迫下仍保持上升趋势;抗氧化剂GSH含量变化趋势与保护酶相似;而AsA含量在不同程度水分胁迫下持续下降;MDA含量随水分胁迫程度加剧而增加.其中抗旱性强的鲁玉14与抗旱性弱的掖单13相比具有较高的保护酶活性和抗氧化剂含量,膜脂过氧化程度较轻,除POD外,品种间抗氧化酶活性(抗氧化剂含量)呈极显著差异,说明抗氧化能力强是抗旱性品种具有较强抗旱性的重要原因之一.

Qitai Highway is located in the arid and semiarid areas of Songnen Plain. Selection of droughttolerant plants applied to slope ecoengineering has great significance in preventing the highway slope from soil erosion, enhancing the stability of the roadbed and ecological restoration of highway surroundings. In this study, twoyearold seedlings of Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix chinensis and Caragana microphylla were taken as test materials, which were individually treated with five moisture gradients (control, mild stress, moderate stress, severe stress and extremely severe stress). After 21 days, the conductivity、total chlorophyll content, activity of SOD, content of MDA, soluble sugar content and proline content of the seedlings leaves were determined to investigate the droughtresistant abilities of these three kinds of seedlings. The results showed that with the prolonged drought, proline content and membrane permeability of three kinds of seedlings presented a rising trend. Total chlorophyll content and SOD activity of three kinds of seedlings increased in the beginning and then decreased. content of MDA and soluble sugar content in the leaves of A.fruticosa and C.microphylla increased first and then decreased. Content of MDA and soluble sugar content in the leaves of T. chinensis were in an upward trend. Through subordinate function analysis on 6 physical signs, the order of droughtresistant abilities of three kinds of seedlings was: A.fruticosa>C.microphylla>T.chinensis, and the difference was not obvious. The results showed that three species were all suitable as Qitai Highway slope protection plant. A.fruticosa was suitable planted in mild drought and very severe drought slope, T.chinensis was suitable planted in moderate stress drought slope and C.microphylla was suitable for planted in severe drought slope.

齐泰高速公路位于松嫩平原干旱、半干旱地区，耐旱护坡植物的选择对防止公路边坡水土流失，增强路基稳定性及公路周边生态恢复具有重要意义。以紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)和小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)2年龄灌木为试验材料，采用干旱棚控水法，对灌木进行5个水分梯度处理(对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫、极重度胁迫)21 d后，测定灌木叶片的电导率、叶绿素(Chl)总量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量以及脯氨酸(Pro)含量，探讨3种植物的抗干旱能力。结果表明，随着干旱胁迫的加剧，3种灌木叶片的Pro含量、膜质透性(RPP)呈上升趋势；叶片的Chl总量、SOD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。紫穗槐和小叶锦鸡儿的叶片MDA含量和SS含量呈先上升后下降的趋势，柽柳叶片MDA和SS含量呈上升趋势。通过隶属度函数得出3种灌木对干旱胁迫适应程度由高至低为紫穗槐>小叶锦鸡儿>柽柳。紫穗槐适宜种植在轻度干旱和极重度干旱边坡，柽柳适宜种植在中度干旱边坡，小叶锦鸡儿适宜种植在重度干旱边坡。

Eight plants of Crassulaceae and Commelinaceae were evaluated by measuring their morphological changes, soil water content, leaf relative water content, electrolyte osmotic rate, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and water soluble carbohydrate content under the simulated drought condition. The eight plants were Sedum lineare, Sedum alfredi, Sedum emarginatum, Sedum polytrichoides, Setcreasea purpurea, Tradescantia spathacea, Murdannia loriformis and Callisia repens . The physiological and biochemical indices performed differently after stress in which soil water content and leaf relative water content decreased, electrolyte osmotic rate, MDA content and water soluble carbohydrate content increased and SOD activity increased firstly and then decreased. The comprehensive evaluation using membership functions showed that the order of drought resistance from strong to weak was Callisia repens＞Sedum lineare＞Sedum polytrichoides＞Tradescantia spathacea＞Sedum alfredi＞Setcreasea purpurea＞Sedum emarginatum＞Murdannia loriformis . The plants had little changes after 14 days water stress and can restore after 35 days water stress when it regained watering which suggested that the plants could be used as lawn-style roof greening materials in Guangzhou area.

通过模拟自然干旱法,对景天科和鸭跖草科中的8种植物佛甲草( Sedum lineare)、东南景天(S. alfredi)、凹叶景天(S. emarginatum)、中华景天(S. polytrichoides)、紫竹梅(Setcreasea purpurea)、小蚌兰(Tradescantia spathacea)、牛轭草(Murdannia loriformis)和华南铺地锦竹草(Callisia repens ),在干旱胁迫条件下植株形态、土壤含水量、叶片相对含水量、细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性及可溶性糖等指标的变化进行了分析和探讨,并结合隶属函数法综合评价了各植物抗旱性强弱。结果表明,1)8种植物在干旱胁迫下,生理生化指标的变化趋势不尽相同,其中土壤含水量、叶片相对含水量呈下降趋势;相对电导率、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势;超氧化物歧化酶呈先升后降趋势;2)8种植物的抗旱性排序依次为华南铺地锦竹草＞佛甲草＞中华景天＞小蚌兰＞东南景天＞紫竹梅＞凹叶景天＞牛轭草,与实际形态观察结果大致相同,且其在干旱胁迫14 d左右时未有太大变化,35 d复水均可恢复生长。因而,从抗旱性指标来看,8种植物均可应用于广州地区草坪式屋顶绿化。