甘肃亚高山云杉人工林下植物种群生态位特征

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冯宜明, 陈学龙, 齐瑞, 赵阳, 侯亚丽, 闫倩倩, 李社勤, 徐德才. 甘肃亚高山云杉人工林下植物种群生态位特征. 草业科学, 2018,35(4): 807-815
Feng Yi-ming, Chen Xue-long, Qi Rui, Zhao Yang, Hou Ya-li, Yan Qian-qian, Li She-qin, Xu De-cai. Niche characteristics of the primary understory populations of a Picea asperata plantation in the subalpine region of Gansu Province . Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(4): 807-815. 复制到剪切板

Doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2017-0236
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《草业科学》编辑部

甘肃亚高山云杉人工林下植物种群生态位特征

冯宜明^1,², 陈学龙^1,², 齐瑞^1,², 赵阳^1,², 侯亚丽¹, 闫倩倩¹, 李社勤³, 徐德才³

1.甘肃省白龙江林业管理局林业科学研究所,甘肃兰州 730070

2.甘肃白龙江森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,甘肃武都 746000

3.甘肃省白龙江林管局舟曲林业局,甘肃舟曲 746300

通讯作者:冯宜明(1985-),男,甘肃景泰人,工程师,博士,主要从事森林生态与可持续经营研究。E-mail:[email protected]

收稿日期: 2017-05-08 接受日期: 2017-12-20

资助项目: 甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(144FKCK072); 甘肃省林业科技项目(2017kj041、2015kj051)

摘要

根据野外110个样方的调查数据,应用Levins、Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Levins生态位重叠指数对甘肃亚高山云杉( Picea asperata)人工林下30个种(包括15种灌木和15 种草本植物)的生态位特征进行定量分析。结果表明,灌木针刺悬钩子( Rubus pungens)、箭竹( Sinarundinaria nitida)、秀丽莓( Rubus amabilis)、草本东方草莓( Fragaria orientalis)、鸭茅( Dactylis glomerata)和紫花碎米荠( Cardamine tangutorum)的生态位宽度较大,表明这些物种适应能力强,分布范围广,倾向于泛化种。生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠,生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠,生态位宽度与生态位重叠程度无相关性。总体上看,亚高山云杉人工林下物种间生态位重叠程度均较小,种间竞争并不激烈。从生态响应来看,灌木层的红桦( Betula albo-sinensis)幼苗和草本层的老鹳草( Geranium wilfordii)发展性最强,今后可能会发展为云杉人工林下的优势种群。

关键词: 云杉人工林; 林下植物; 生态位宽度; 生态位重叠度; 生态响应

中图分类号:S791.18;Q948.15⁺8 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-0629(2018)04-0807-09

Niche characteristics of the primary understory populations of a Picea asperata plantation in the subalpine region of Gansu Province

Feng Yi-ming^1,², Chen Xue-long^1,², Qi Rui^1,², Zhao Yang^1,², Hou Ya-li¹, Yan Qian-qian¹, Li She-qin³, Xu De-cai³

1.Research Institute of Forestry, Bailongjiang Forestry Administration, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

2.Gansu Bailongjiang National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Wudu 746000, Gansu, China

3.Zhouqu Forestry Bureau of Bailongjiang Forestry Administration Bureau of Gansu, Zhouqu 746300, Gansu, China

Corresponding author: Feng Yi-ming E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract

Based on the data from 110 plots obtained from field surveys, and using the Levins and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index and Levins niche overlapping index, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the niche characteristics of 30 species, including 15 shrub species and 15 herb species in the understory populations of a spruce plantation in the subalpine region of Gansu Province. In the shrub layer, Rubus pungens, Sinarundinaria nitida and R. amabilis had a greater niche breadth than other species. In herb layer, Fragaria orientalis, Dactylis glomerata, and Cardamine tangutorum had greater niche breadths. These species were highly adaptable, had broad habitats, and tended to be generalist species. The populations with greater niche breadth exhibited smaller niche overlap, whereas those with smaller niche breadth exhibited larger niche overlap. Niche breadth and niche overlap did not have a positive direct liner relationship. In conclusion, niche overlap of the primary understory populations in a spruce plantation was relatively low, and interspecific competition was not intense. Betula albo-sinensis and Geranium wilfordii were more aggressive than other species based on their eco-response, and they will develop as the dominant species of main understory population in the spruce plantation in the future.

Key words: Picea asperata plantation; understory populations; niche breadth; niche overlap; ecological response

文章图片

生态位是近代理论生态学的一个主要内容, 其致力于探讨生物对环境的要求、环境对生物的影响及其相互作用规律^{[1, 2]}。自Grinnell将生态位引入生态学研究领域以来, 国内外学者对生态位理论^{[3, 4]}、生态位特征^{[5, 6]}、生态位测度^{[7, 8]}进行了大量的研究, 广泛应用于物种间关系^[9]、群落结构及演替^[10]和种群进化^[11]等方面, 成为物种共存、竞争以及种群在群落中所处地位的评价手段, 同时, 也是生态学中重要的基础理论和最为活跃的研究领域之一^{[12, 13]}。种群生态位的研究不仅可以定量反映物种与环境的相互关系、种群对资源的利用能力, 还可反映群落稳定性^[14]。因此, 对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道, 如针阔叶林^{[15, 16, 17]}、荒漠植被^{[18, 19, 20]}、高寒草原^{[21, 22]}等。

云杉(Picea asperata)是我国西北和西南地区具有代表性的森林树种, 也是甘肃的主要造林树种, 具有适应性强、生长快的特点^[23]。目前国内外对云杉群落的研究主要集中在群落结构^[24]、生物量和碳密度^[25]、生产力^[26]以及林下植物多样性^[27]等方面。林下灌草层是森林生态系统的重要组成部分, 维持着整个系统物质循环和能量交换以及结构和功能的稳定性, 对林下灌、草植物种群生态位的研究, 可以阐述种群的种间关系及利用环境资源的状况, 揭示种群的动态变化以及在群落发展进程中的地位和和功能, 预测灌、草群落演替, 提高森林生态系统中气候、水肥等资源的优化利用率; 同时对该区域群落生态位数据进行补充, 可推动生态位研究领域的积极发展。因此, 以白龙江流域云杉人工林下的灌木、草本层为研究对象, 采用Levins、Shannon-Wiener 生态位宽度指数和Levins生态位重叠指数, 对云杉人工林下主要种群的生态位进行定量分析, 旨在揭示各种群对资源的利用状况和生态适应性, 选择适合于该区域云杉人工林的物种结构及共存模式, 从而为林下生物多样性保育和森林经营管理提供理论参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 研究区概况

甘肃省白龙江林区沙滩林场(102° 02'-104° 22' E, 33° 34'-33° 46' N), 地处青藏高原东北边缘与秦岭西段交汇处, 具有典型的高山地形。地势起伏大, 高差悬殊, 平均坡度为30° ~35° 。土壤以棕色灰化土、棕色森林土、褐色森林土为主。属高山内陆性气候, 年降水量1 023.1 mm, 年蒸发量918.8 mm, 年均气温4.3 ℃, 极端高温29.1 ℃, 极端低温-28.5 ℃, 无霜期100 d^[28]。林场经营总面积3.1万hm², 活立木总蓄积量为207.8万m³, 森林覆盖率为74.6%。主要乔木树种有云杉、岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、青扦(Picea wilsonii)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、落叶松(Larix gmelini)等; 主要灌木有针刺悬钩子(Rubus pungens)、箭竹(Sinarundinaria nitida)、毛花忍冬(Lonicera trichosantha)、扁刺蔷薇(Rosa sweginzowii)、锐齿臭樱(Maddenia incisoserrata)、藤山柳(Clematoclethra scandens)等。该区90%的粗枝云杉人工林于1980年前后营造。

1.2 研究方法

1.2.1 样地设置与调查 2013年7月在沙滩林场沿海拔梯度(2 300~2 900 m)垂直于河道设置具有代表性的云杉乔木样地22块, 样地大小为20 m× 20 m, 样地间隔大于200 m, 调查每块样地乔木的种类、株数、胸径、树高、冠幅等指标。并于8-9月在乔木样地中心及四角布设5个2 m× 2 m灌木样方, 共计110个, 调查记录样方内灌木种类、数量、基径、高度、盖度等。在灌木样方的中心位置布设一个1 m× 1 m的草本样方, 共计110个, 进行草本植物的种类、个体数目、高度、盖度、频度等调查。

1.2.2 重要值计测

灌木的重要值计算公式:重要值=(相对密度+相对高度+相对盖度+相对优势度)/4;

草本的重要值计算公式^[29]:重要值=(相对密度+相对盖度+相对频度+相对高度)/4;

结合样地内植物群落的记录情况和每个样方内植物种数的均值情况, 参考重要值在灌木层和草本层各选取15个物种进行生态位研究。

1.2.3 生态位宽度计测

生态位宽度采用Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数进行测度^[30]。

B₍_SW₎_i=- $\begin{matrix} \overset{r}{\sum_{j = 1}} \end{matrix}$ (P_ijlnP_ij);

B₍_L₎_i=1/(r $\begin{matrix} \overset{r}{\sum_{j = 1}} \end{matrix} \begin{matrix} {P_{ij}}^{2} \end{matrix}$ )。

式中:B₍_SW₎_i为物种i的Shannon-Wiener指数计算的生态位宽度, B₍_L₎_i为物种i的Levins指数计算的生态位宽度, P_ij是物种i在第j资源位上的重要值的比, r为样方数。其中:P_ij=n_ij/ $\begin{matrix} \overset{r}{\sum_{j = 1}} \end{matrix}$ n_ij , n_ij为物种i在第j样方的重要值。

1.2.4 生态位重叠计测采用Levins生态位重叠指数计测。

L_ih=B₍_L₎_i $\begin{matrix} \overset{r}{\sum_{j = 1}} \end{matrix}$ (P_ijP_hj);

L_hi=B₍_L₎_h $\begin{matrix} \overset{r}{\sum_{j = 1}} \end{matrix}$ (P_ijP_ij)。

式中:L_ih为物种i重叠物种h的生态位重叠指数, B₍_L₎_i为物种i的Levins生态位宽度指数; L_hi为物种h重叠物种i的生态位重叠指数, B₍_L₎_h为物种h的Levins生态位宽度指数^[31]。

1.2.5 种群生态响应的测定采用以下公式计算。

Δ L_ih= $\begin{matrix} \overset{n}{\sum_{h = 1}} \end{matrix}$ L_ih- $\begin{matrix} \overset{m}{\sum_{i = 1}} \end{matrix}$ L_ih;

R=B₍_L₎/Δ L_ih(i=h)。

式中:Δ L_ih为i种群占用其他种群资源量与h种群被其他种群侵占的资源量之差值; R为生态响应速率, B₍_L₎为Levins生态位宽度指数^[32]。

2 结果与分析

2.1 生态位宽度

云杉人工林下主要种具有的Shannon-Wiener和Levins生态位宽度值的总体变化趋势较为一致(表1)。灌木层针刺悬钩子、箭竹、秀丽莓、红桦幼苗、毛花忍冬、岷江冷杉幼苗、扁刺蔷薇、锐齿臭樱、藤山柳9个宽度值较大种的排序相同, 其B_(SW)在1.869 7~2.685 0, B_(L)在0.241 0~0.573 2, 具有较强的资源利用能力, 是灌木层的优势种(表1)。两种测算公式测度的生态位宽度值较小的3个种是陕甘花楸、川滇柳、勾儿茶, 说明这3种灌木在当前群落中对资源的竞争利用能力较弱, 地位不明显。草本层中东方草莓、鸭茅、紫花碎米荠具有较大的生态位宽度, B_(SW)与B_(L)分别为3.207 4、3.169 2、3.127 9和0.976 9、0.944 3、0.907 4(表1), 是草本层的优势种, 在所调查的全部样方中均有出现, 分布较为广泛, 适应环境能力强, 因此生态位宽度较大。囊瓣芹、长籽柳叶菜、风毛菊的生态位宽度则较小, 对环境资源有较强的选择性。

表1 云杉人工林下优势种生态位宽度值 Table 1 Niche breadth of dominant species in the understory of a Picea asperata plantation

2.2 生态位重叠

云杉人工林下灌木中箭竹-藤山柳、针刺悬钩子-山梅花、秀丽莓-红脉忍冬、针刺悬钩子-毛花忍冬4个种对之间的生态位重叠较大, 分别为0.038 9、0.036 1、0.034 5和0.034 3(表2); 草本中东方草莓-风毛菊、鸭茅-囊瓣芹、鸭茅-掌叶橐吾、冷蕨-粗茎鳞毛蕨和鸭茅-风毛菊4个种对之间的生态位重叠较大, 分别为0.041 8、0.041 2、0.040 9、0.040 8和、0.040 8(表3), 生态位重叠较高的种对均出现在生态位宽度较大的种群与其他种群之间, 表明各种对具有相似的生物学特征或对生境因子有较强的互补性需求。但也有生态位较窄的物种之间出现较高的生态位重叠, 如灌木层红脉忍冬和勾儿茶之间的生态位重叠值为0.0298, 位居210个种对的第7位; 草本层高山露珠草和囊瓣芹之间的生态位重叠值为0.0296, 而生态位宽度值分居15个种的第12和13位。

表2 灌木层优势种生态位重叠值 Table 2 Niche overlap of dominant species in the shrub layer

表3 草本层优势种生态位重叠值 Table 3 Niche overlap of dominant species in the herb layer

对于同一个种对而言, L_ih较高, L_hi则不一定高, 如灌木层针刺悬钩子-山梅花的重叠值为0.036 1, 而山梅花-针刺悬钩子仅为0.014 7; 草本层东方草莓-风毛菊的重叠值为0.041 8, 而风毛菊-东方草莓仅为0.019 3。综合来看, 粗枝云杉人工林下主要种群的生态位重叠程度较低, 灌木层L_ih变动范围为0~0.038 9, L_hi变动范围为0~0.036 1, 而且有85%以上的种对集中在0~0.020 0(表2); 草本层L_ih变动范围为0~0.041 8, L_hi变动范围为0~0.040 9(表3), 表明云杉人工林下主要物种之间对资源利用的相似性较低。

2.3 生态响应

在云杉人工林下的灌木层, 发展能力较强的是红桦幼苗、秀丽莓、针刺悬钩子, 箭竹发展能力最弱; 岷江冷杉幼苗、毛花忍冬、扁刺蔷薇等属于衰退性物种(表4), 在红桦幼苗、秀丽莓等不断进攻下, 它们的生态空间有逐渐缩小的趋势, 其中冷杉幼苗表现最明显, 其次为毛花忍冬和扁刺蔷薇, 主要是因为红桦幼苗、秀丽莓的生态位宽度大于冷杉幼苗和毛花忍冬, 它们对环境的适应性和对资源的利用能力也比岷江冷杉幼苗等衰退性物种强, 因此, 在有限的环境资源范围内岷江冷杉幼苗的生态空间会越来越小。

草本层发展能力较强的是老鹳草, 远远超过其他种, 东方草莓的发展能力最弱; 血满草、掌叶橐吾、蛛毛蟹甲草和驴蹄草等属于衰退性物种(表5), 在老鹳草、林猪秧秧等不断进攻下, 它们的生态空间有逐渐缩小的趋势, 其中血满草表现最明显, 其次为掌叶橐吾和蛛毛蟹甲草。

表4 云杉人工林下优势灌木物种发展或衰退状况 Table 4 Aggression or declining trends of the dominant shrub species in the understory of a Picea asperata plantation

表5 云杉人工林下优势草本物种发展或衰退状况 Table 5 Aggression or declining trends of the dominant herbaceous species in the understory of a Picea asperata plantation

3 讨论

生态位宽度揭示了物种对环境资源的利用状况, 也表征了物种的生态适应性和分布幅度^{[33, 34]}。本研究应用Shannon-Wiener 和Levins生态位宽度公式对灌草层主要植物种生态位宽度测度的结果基本一致。灌木层中, 针刺悬钩子、箭竹、秀丽莓具有较大的生态位宽度, 这与它们的生物学特性密切相关, 针刺悬钩子、箭竹、秀丽莓较耐阴, 因而幼苗可在郁闭度较高的云杉林下繁殖更新, 广泛分布。草本层中, 东方草莓、鸭茅、紫花碎米荠具有较大的生态位宽度, 这与其对环境的适应性和对资源的利用能力有关^[35]。如东方草莓和鸭茅种群, 在所有调查样方都有出现且数量多, 对环境资源的利用比较充分, 所以它们的生态位宽度较大。

生态位重叠作为衡量种间生态相似性的指标与种间竞争有着一定的联系^[36]。具有相似环境要求的物种间生态位重叠较大, 如囊瓣芹和掌叶橐吾都是比较耐阴的物种, 它们与鸭茅都具有相近的生态特征并在生境因子上具有互补性, 所以鸭茅-囊瓣芹、鸭茅-掌叶橐吾之间的生态位重叠值较高。总体看来, 云杉人工林下植物种间的生态位重叠较低, 物种对资源利用的相似性低, 可能是因为随着乔木层郁闭程度的变化, 林下植物也在不断的适应新环境, 群落物种尚未达到稳定, 王伟伟等^[2]和钟宇等^[8]对青海云杉(Spruce plantation)、巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)人工林草本层生态位的研究, 得出了相似的结论。

生态位宽度和生态位重叠是生态位测度的两个方面, 二者既联系又有区别。一般认为, 生态位宽度大的种群对资源的利用能力较强, 分布范围广, 因而与其他种群生态位重叠的几率高^[37]。然而本研究发现, 生态位宽度较大的种群之间出现了较小的生态位重叠, 这是因为生态位宽度反映的是一个种群在资源序列上占据空间的能力, 而生态位重叠考虑的则是种群之间的竞争和共存关系, 是建立在物种生物学特性和生态因子需求基础上的, 因此, 具有较大生态位宽度种群之间的生态学特性不同, 对资源段位要求不完全一致, 如若环境中共用的资源较为丰富, 就会导致生态位重叠不高^[38]; 生态位宽度较小的灌木红脉忍冬和勾儿茶、草本高山露珠草和囊瓣芹两个种对间却出现了极高的生态位重叠, 这主要是由于红脉忍冬和勾儿茶, 高山露珠草和囊瓣芹之间的生物学特性很相似, 对环境的要求相同所致。这也反映出生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间的关系较为复杂, 并没有绝对的正相关关系, 这与柴宗政等^[39]、胡正华等^[40]、陈艳瑞和尹林克^[41]的研究结论一致。

从生态响应的角度来看, 在灌木层植物中发展性最强的是红桦幼苗, 发展性最弱的是箭竹, 冷杉幼苗衰退最为严重, 这与它们对环境的适应性以及对资源的利用能力有关, 红桦幼苗的生态位宽度大于冷杉幼苗, 在有限的资源和日益激烈的竞争中, 岷江冷杉幼苗的生态空间会越来越小。在草本层植物中发展性最强的是老鹳草, 而东方草莓和鸭茅等生态位较宽的优势种发展最弱, 血满草衰退最严重, 这是由于生态响应是生物因子和非生物因子综合作用的结果, 东方草莓、鸭茅生态位宽度较大, 分布范围达到了峰值, 随着环境条件的变化, 它们适应新环境的能力有所下降, 所以发展性减弱, 而血满草这种较喜光照的植物在林下光照条件不足的环境中表现出明显的衰退趋势。按照这样的趋势发展演替, 生态位较窄的衰退种将会逐渐消失, 为了将它留存下来以提高物种多样性, 应该通过人为干扰或改变环境资源状态的办法让优势种群释放一定的资源空间, 从而增加它们生态位宽度。

本研究应用生态位理论, 对云杉人工林下主要植物种群进行了一维资源位的生态位特征分析, 清楚地了解了主要植物种群生态幅度和对资源利用的差异, 探讨了优势种群在群落中的功能地位。但未引入基于物种营养生态位以及其他环境因子进行多维生态位的研究, 还需在今后的研究中做进一步的探讨。

4 结论

1)云杉人工林下灌木层中, 针刺悬钩子、箭竹、秀丽莓的生态位宽度较大, B_(SW)和B_(L)分别为2.685 0、2.523 5、2.156 0和0.573 2、0.478 9、0.336 8; 草本层中, 东方草莓、鸭茅、紫花碎米荠的生态位宽度较大, B_(SW)和B_(L)分别为3.207 4、3.169 2、3.127 9和0.976 9、0.944 3、0.907 4。它们对环境适应能力强, 分布范围广, 倾向于泛化种。2)云杉人工林下物种间生态位重叠程度整体较小。灌木箭竹与藤山柳、针刺悬钩子与山梅花、秀丽莓与红脉忍冬之间生态位重叠相对较大, 草本东方草莓与凤毛菊、鸭茅与囊瓣芹、鸭茅与掌叶橐吾、冷蕨与粗茎鳞毛蕨之间也有相对较大的生态位重叠。生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠, 生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠, 生态位宽度与生态位重叠程度并没有绝对的正相关关系。3)从生态响应来看, 灌木层的红桦幼苗和草本层的老鹳草发展性最强, 今后可能会发展为云杉人工林下的优势种群, 冷杉幼苗和血满草衰退最严重, 生态空间逐渐缩小。

(责任编辑武艳培)

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[38]	刘巍, 曹伟. 长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(8): 1766-1774. Li W, Cao W. Niche characteristics of main plant species in spruce-fir forests in Changbai Mountains. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(8): 1766-1774. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[39]	柴宗政, 王得祥, 张丽楠, 张洋, 黄青平, 吴昊. 秦岭山地天然油松群落主要植物种群生态位特征. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(8): 1917-1923. Chai Z Z, Wang D X, Zhang L N, Zhang Y, Huang Q P, Wu H. *Niche characteristics of main plant populations in natural Pinus tabulaeformis communities in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Ecology*, 2012, 31(8): 1917-1923. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[40]	胡正华, 钱海源, 于明坚. 古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位. 生态学报, 2009, 29(7): 3670-3677. Hu Z H, Qian H Y, Yu M J. *The niche of dominant species populations in Castanopsis eyrei* forest in Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserve*. Acta Ecologica Sinica*, 2009, 29(7): 3670-3677. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[41]	陈艳瑞, 尹林克. 人工防风固沙林演替中群落组成和优势种群生态位变化特征. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1126-1133. Chen Y R, Yin L K. Community composition and niche change characteristics of dominant species in the wind-breaking and sand -fixing forest, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1126-1133. (in Chinese) [本文引用:1]

1995

0.0

... 生态位是近代理论生态学的一个主要内容,其致力于探讨生物对环境的要求、环境对生物的影响及其相互作用规律^[1,2] ...

2012

0.0

王伟伟, 杨海龙, 贺康宁, 胡兴波, 王辉, 董梅. 祁连山青海云杉人工林草本层生态位及生态响应研究. 草地学报, 2012, 20(4): 626-630.

Wang W

, Yang H

, He K

, Hu X

, Wang

, Dong

. Niche and ecological response of herb layer in Spruce plantation of Qilian Mountains. Acta Agrectir Sinica, 2012, 20(4): 626-630. (in Chinese)

The herb layer of spruce plantation in the Qilian Mountains was selected as the object of this study. Data of 60 plots in the spruce plantations were obtained from investigation. The niche breadth and overlapping of dominant herbal species within plantation communities were measured by means of levins niche breadth, Shannon-wiener niche breadth and pianka niche overlapping indices. Results showed that both Polygonum viviparum and Fragaria orientalis had greater niche breadth than other ones, which were the dominant species of herb layer due to their extensive adaptation to environment of spruce plantation. The niche overlapping index suggested that the herbaceous species with larger niche breadth in the spruce plantation didn't always have bigger niche overlapping. There was no positive direct liner relationship between niche breadth and niche overlapping of herbaceous species. This phenomenon perhaps resulted from patchiness of species distribution and high spatial heterogeneity of environmental resources in spruce plantation. Niche overlapping of herb layer in spruce plantation is relative low. The herb layer of spruce plantation has lower similarity of resource utilization. Geranium pylzowianum and Pedicularis were more aggressive than other species based on their eco-response rate and they will develop as the dominant species of herb layer in spruce plantation for future development.

对祁连山区青海云杉( Picea crassifolia )人工林草本层植物群落的60个样方进行调查,运用Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数及Pianka 生态位重叠度指数,对该人工林下草本层各植物种群的生态位宽度及生态位重叠度进行定量研究。结果表明:珠芽蓼( Polygonum viviparum )和东方草莓( Fragaria orientalis )的生态位宽度最大,是青海云杉人工林下草本层的优势种,表明这2种物种在该人工林下具有广泛的适应性。生态位重叠指数表明:在青海云杉林下生态位宽度较大或较小的草本种群,他们之间的生态位重叠既有较大的,也有较小的,草本种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠程度无相关性,可能是由于该区草本物种分布的斑块性和环境资源的高度空间异质性造成的。总体上看,青海云杉人工林下草本层的生态位重叠相对较低,对资源利用的相似度较低;从生态响应速率来看,高山老鹳草( Geranium pylzowianum )和马先蒿( Pedicularis )的发展性最强,在今后的演替过程中将会发展为青海云杉人工林下草本层的优势种群。

... 生态位是近代理论生态学的一个主要内容,其致力于探讨生物对环境的要求、环境对生物的影响及其相互作用规律^[1,2] ...

... 总体看来,云杉人工林下植物种间的生态位重叠较低,物种对资源利用的相似性低,可能是因为随着乔木层郁闭程度的变化,林下植物也在不断的适应新环境,群落物种尚未达到稳定,王伟伟等^[2]和钟宇等^[8]对青海云杉(Spruce plantation)、巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)人工林草本层生态位的研究,得出了相似的结论 ...

1985

0.0

... 自Grinnell将生态位引入生态学研究领域以来,国内外学者对生态位理论^[3,4]、生态位特征^[5,6]、生态位测度^[7,8]进行了大量的研究,广泛应用于物种间关系^[9]、群落结构及演替^[10]和种群进化^[11]等方面,成为物种共存、竞争以及种群在群落中所处地位的评价手段,同时,也是生态学中重要的基础理论和最为活跃的研究领域之一^[12,13] ...

2016

0.0

彭文俊, 王晓鸣. 生态位概念和内涵的发展及其在生态学中的定位. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 327-334.

Peng W

, Wang X

. Concept and connotation development of niche and its ecological orientation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(1): 327-334. (in Chinese)

Proceeding from the niche concept, the article commented the main points of each concept’s connotation basing on a systematic review of development on niche concepts, and divided the process into four phases including germination, standardization, quantification and perfection, with two main academic schools. Questions and challenges during niche’s development and advancement were presented to extract the characteristics and components of niche concept. On these bases, we explored the orientation of niche concept in ecology, and suggested to position it as a macro concept and detail it in specific applications. Further research points and application perspectives were stated in the end.

从生态位概念出发，系统回顾生态位概念的发展历程，评析各概念的内涵要点，把生态位理论划分为萌芽期、规范期、定量期和完善期4个发展阶段及2个主要学术流派.简述生态位在发展演进中受到的质疑与挑战，提炼出生态位概念的内涵特征和构成要素.在此基础上，探讨了生态位概念在生态学中的定位，提出应将生态位看成是一个宏观概念，在具体应用中应该采用细分的生态位定义和内涵.最后，讨论和归纳了生态位概念未来需要丰富和完善的要点，并对其拓展应用进行了展望.

1991

0.0

1999

0.0

刘金福, 洪伟. 格氏栲群落生态学研究: 格氏栲林主要种群生态位的研究. 生态学报, 1999, 19(3): 347-352.

Liu J

, Hong

. A study on the community ecology of Castanopsis kawakamii: Study on the niche of the main tree population in Castanopsis kawakamii community. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(3): 347-352. (in Chinese)

摘　要：

1984

0.0

王刚, 赵松岭, 张鹏云, 陈庆诚. 关于生态位定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式改进的研究. 生态学报, 1984, 4(2): 119-127.

Wang

, Zhao S

, Zhang P

, Chen Q

. On the definition of niche and the improved formula for measuring niche overlap. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1984, 4(2): 119-127. (in Chinese)

2010

0.0

钟宇, 张健, 刘泉波, 杨万勤, 吴福忠, 冯茂松. 巨桉人工林草本层主要种群的生态位分析. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 16-21.

Zhong

, Zhang

, Liu Q

, Yang W

, Wu F

, Feng M

. Niche characteristics of main herbage populations in Eucalyptus grand is plantation. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(4): 16-21. (in Chinese)

根据野外60个样方的调查数据,应用Levins、 Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Levins生态位重叠指数分析了巨桉人工林草本层13个主要种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠特征.结果表明, 里白和芒的生态位宽度最大,主要是由于其具有广泛的适应性.生态位宽度较大(或较小)的种群,它们所构成的种对间生态位重叠既有较大的,也有较小的,生态位宽度与生态位重叠程度无相关性.总体上看,巨桉人工林草本层物种间生态位重叠相对较低.从生态响应速率来看,里白发展性最强,可能形成少数种独占巨桉人工林草本层的格局.

2002

0.0

冉圣宏, 金建君, 薛纪渝. 脆弱生态区评价的理论与方法. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(1): 117-122.

Ran S

, Jin J

, Xue J

. Assessment of vulnerable ecological regions: Theory and methodology. Journal of Natural Resource, 2002, 17(1): 117-122. (in Chinese)

The interior structure of vulnerable ecological regions is instable and these regions are hypersensitive to the exterior disturbances.Actually,their development trends and stability are the inherent forms of vulnerable ecological regions' basic properties.Therefore,the assessment of vulnerable ecological regions should include three parts:assessment of status quo,assessment of development trend and assessment of stability.Base d on new concept of vulnerable ecological re-gions,this paper assesses the status quo by fuzzy theory and predicts its develop ment trend by grey theory.Non-linear theories are applied to assess stabilities of vulnerable eco logical regions for the first time and the effect is very well.

由于脆弱生态区的脆弱性不仅表现为其内部结构的不稳定,而且还表现在它对外界干扰反应的敏感上,脆弱生态区的现状、发展趋势及其稳定性都是其脆弱性固有属性的表现形式,因此,脆弱生态区的评价也就应该包括脆弱生态区的现状评价、趋势评价和稳定性评价等。论文在对脆弱生态区重新界定的基础上,以模糊评价理论对脆弱生态区的现状、以灰色预测和趋势函数法对脆弱生态区的发展趋势、以非线性理论对脆弱生态区的稳定性进行评价。

2003

0.0

2004

0.0

刘加珍, 陈亚宁, 张元明. 塔里木河中游植物种群在四种环境梯度上的生态位特征. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(4): 549-555.

Liu J

, Chen Y

, Zhang Y

. Niche characteristics of plants on four environmental gradients in middle reaches of Tarim River. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(4): 549-555.

Tarim River is the longest continental river in China.Along its either bank,the natural vegetation belts are composed of arbors,shrubs and grasses.In this paper,the niche breadths and overlaps of nineteen species on four environmental gradients in the middle reaches of Tarim River were calculated and analyzed.The results showed that the nineteen species could be divided into three groups,based on their average niche breadths.Group one included Populus euphratica,Tamarix ramosissima,T.hispida,Lycium ruthernicum,Alhagi sparsifolia and Phragmites australis ,which were constructive species in Tarim River and their niche breadths were greater.Group two included T.leptostachys,Aeluropus pungens,Poacynum hendersonii,Cynanchum sibiricum,Karelinia caspica,Inula salsoloides,Taraxacum sp.,and Hexinia polydichotoma ,and their niche breadths were smaller than that of group one.Group three included Halimodendron halodendron,Glycyrrhiza inflata,Calamagrostis pseudophragmites,Salsola sp.,and Sophora alapecuroides .Based on the niche overlaps matrix,the niche overlaps of the plant species pairs were generally smaller on all the four environmental gradients,because of their probable niche shift or the demand for different environmental resources.Soil moisture and soil salinity were the important environmental factors limiting the plant distribution in the middle reaches of Tarim River.

分析了塔里木河中游19种植物在土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤pH值和土壤总含盐量各资源维上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠.结果表明,按照各资源维上生态位宽度平均值的大小可把19种植物分成3类,第一类群的物种是该流域植物群落中的建群种,对荒漠河岸环境有良好的适应性;第二类群的物种对环境资源的利用能力较弱于第一类群的物种;第三类群的物种中,大部分植物对流域环境的生态适应性较弱,但个别植物生态位宽度变窄有其特定的原因.从4个资源维、19种植物生态位重叠指数的变化上可以看出,该地区物种在一定程度上对环境资源需求分化或者物种的生态位发生位移,致使种对间生态位重叠程度降低,而土壤水和土壤盐分则是许多物种的限制因子.

2015

0.0

2015

0.0

2017

0.0

林勇, 艾训儒, 姚兰, 黄伟, 陈斯. 木林子自然保护区不同群落类型主要优势种群的生态位研究. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(2): 223-234.

Lin

, Ai X

, Yao

, Huang

, Chen

. Niches of main dominant species of different community types in Mulinzi Nature Reserve. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(2): 223-234. (in Chinese)

摘　要：为定量分析木林子自然保护区不同群落类型主要优势种群的生态位,以每个样地为综合资源位,采用Simpson指数的倒数和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度公式及Pianka生态位重叠公式分别对自然恢复20 a、35 a和100 a左右次生林群落主要优势种的生态位宽度及重叠进行测度,比较分析主要优势种在不同群落类型中的生态位变化及原因,同时对种群的环境适应能力及其随自然恢复阶段的变化等方面进行探讨。结果表明：1）青冈（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）属于木林子自然保护区亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林的建群种,生态位宽度最大（群落ⅠB＇_（（SW）i）为0.750、B＇_（（L）i）为0.863,群落ⅡB＇_（（SW）i）为0.630、B＇_（（L）i）为0.685,群落ⅢB＇_（（SW）i）为0.625、B＇_（（L）i）为0.658）,与其他种群的生态位重叠程度高,自然恢复年限越长,其优势地位越明显。2）人为干扰和光照是影响该区域不同群落类型主要优势种生态位变化的主要因子。3）不同群落类型主要优势种的平均生态位宽度值B＇_（（SW）i）为0.603、B＇_（（L）i）为0.570,平均生态位重叠值为0.564,表明各种群生态幅广,资源利用谱较宽,群落结构复杂;各种群对环境资源的利用性竞争不激烈。4）珙桐（Davidia involucrata）种群的重要值和生态位宽度值最小（IV为0.181,B＇_（（SW）i）为0.292,B＇_（（L）i）为0.109）,与其他种群的生态位重叠值小或没有重叠,表明它对群落环境的适应能力及对资源的利用能力弱且与其他种群的生态位产生了一定程度分化。各优势种的生态位随群落物种组成变化而变化,揭示了优势种的生态位随自然恢复阶段的变化规律。

... 种群生态位的研究不仅可以定量反映物种与环境的相互关系、种群对资源的利用能力,还可反映群落稳定性^[14] ...

2015

0.0

潘高, 张合平, 潘登. 南方红壤丘陵区3种森林群落内主要草本植物种群生态位特征. 草业科学, 2015, 32(12): 2094-2106.

Pan

, Zhang H

, Pan

. Niche characteristics of herb populations within three forest types in hilly red soil region of southern China. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(12): 2094-2106. (in Chinese)

The niche theory has been successfully used to explain competition mechanisms among the coexisting species in natural communities, which is significant for understanding of the coupling between plant community construction and environmental factors. The niche characteristics of herb populations were examined within coniferous forest(CF), broad-leaved forest(BF) and mixed broadleaf conifer forest(MF) in hilly red soil region of southern China, using Levins niche breadth, Pianka index of niche overlap and niche similarity formula, from the perspective of the growth status in different forest communities in herbage species. Results showed, the mean niche breadth of all herbage species in the studied forest communities was in order CF(0.572)>MF(0.508)>BF(0.424). The niche breadth of Tetrastigma formosanum , Lophatherum gracile , Dryopteris sp., Serissa japonica and other herbaceous plants in CF were higher than that in MF and BF. The niche overlap did not always correlate to niche breadth. Larger niche overlap or even completely overlapping might occurr between the species with narrow niche breadth. There was a significant positive correlation between the niche breadth and the important value of the main herbaceous plants in CF and BF( P <0.01),with the correlation coefficients of 0.758 and 0.918, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the niche breadth and the important value of the coefficient of variation of herbage species in three forest communities( P <0.01), with the correlation coefficients of -0.996, -0.967 and -0.963, respectively. Our study suggested the CF and MF were still in an instability state at present stage of community succession due to high niche overlap among herb populations and high spatial heterogeneity of environmental resources in study region.

生态位是解释自然群落中种间共存与竞争机制的基本理论,对了解植物群落构建及其与环境因子的耦合关系具有重要意义。本研究以南方红壤丘陵区3种森林群落内主要草本植物为研究对象,在群落调查的基础上,运用Levins生态位宽度、Pianka生态位重叠指数和生态位相似性公式,分析了针叶林、阔叶林和针阔混交林下主要草本物种的生态位宽度以及物种间的生态位重叠与生态位相似性,并从生态位角度探讨了不同森林群落内草本种群的生长状况。结果表明,3种森林群落内草本种群的生态位宽度平均值从大到小依次为针叶林(0.572)>针阔混交林(0.508)>阔叶林(0.424),且针叶林中崖爬藤( Tetrastigma formosanum )、淡竹叶( Lophatherum gracile )、鳞毛蕨( Dryopteris sp.)以及六月雪( Serissa japonica )等草本植物的生态位宽度均大于针阔混交林和阔叶林的;生态位重叠度与生态位宽度之间不是绝对的正相关关系,生态位宽度小的物种与其他种群也可能发生较大的生态位重叠,甚至出现完全重叠的现象;针叶林和阔叶林内主要草本植物的生态位宽度与其重要值呈显著正相关( P <0.01),相关系数分别为0.758和0.918;3种森林群落内草本种群的生态位宽度与其重要值变异系数均呈显著负相关( P <0.01),相关系数分别为-0.996、-0.967和-0.963。在现阶段植被演替过程中,针叶林和针阔混交林下草本种群的重叠程度较高,环境资源存在着高度的空间异质性,群落结构仍处于不稳定状态。

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2016

0.0

黄耀, 王乃江, 党鹏, 裴乔. 黄土高原沟壑区油松人工林林下主要种群生态位研究. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 37(4): 46-51.

Huang

, Wang N

, Dang

, Pei

. The study of the niche of the main plant population under region of Pinus tabuliformis plantation in gully region of loess platelau. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 37(4): 46-51. (in Chinese)

摘　要：目的：研究黄土高原沟壑区油松人工林林下主要种群的生态位,为该地区油松人工林合理经营提供科学依据。方法：采用样地调查法,应用Shannon-Weinner多样性指标及Levins生态位宽度公式、Pianka生态位重叠公式等对陕西淳化县油松人工林林下主要植物种群的生态位特征进行了分析。结果：1油松人工林林下主要种群中,披针苔草的生态位宽度最宽为0.962 3,水栒子的生态位宽度最窄为0.158 1;2在草本层中,优势种披针苔草和其他种之间的生态位重叠值并没有非常高的,一些亚优势种之间的重叠值比较高,如龙牙草和多花木兰,它们的生态位重叠值为0.962 7;3在灌木层中,各物种间的生态位重叠值普遍小于草本层,物种间的竞争压力更小。结论：该地区油松人工林拥有一个较为稳定的森林环境。

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2017

0.0

潘高, 张合平, 潘登. 湖南青羊湖国家森林公园针阔混交林主要种群生态位特征. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2017, 37(2): 69-75.

Pan

, Zhang H

, Pan

. Niche characteristics of dominant populations within mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Qingyanghu National Park. Journal of Central South Forestry University & Technology, 2017, 37(2): 69-75. (in Chinese)

摘　要：生态位是解释自然群落中种间共存与竞争机制的基本理论,对了解植物群落构建及其与环境因子的耦合关系具有重要意义。在群落调查的基础上,运用Levins生态位宽度、Pianka生态位重叠指数,对湖南青羊湖国家森林公园针阔混交林群落7种乔木、10种灌木和7种草本的种群生态位特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）乔木树种生态位宽度从大到小依次为南酸枣（0.716）〉杉木（0.662）〉马尾松（0.648）〉青冈（0.551）〉枫香（0.530）〉槲栎（0.447）〉油茶（0.164）;灌木树种中青冈（0.784）的生态位宽度最大,其次是白栎（0.683）和海桐（0.660）;而草本层生态位宽度最大的是鳞毛蕨（0.751）和苔草（0.664）。（2）群落各层优势种群间生态位重叠程度较高,生态位分化不明显,利用性竞争较为激烈,群落处于演替阶段,群落结构与物种组成不稳定。（3）针阔混交林群落内,各层植物种群的生态位宽度与其重要值呈典型正相关关系,且相关性均达到显著水平（p〈0.05）,相关系数分别为0.832、0.770和0.964。（4）乔木、灌木和草本层各优势种的生态位宽度与其重要值变异系数呈极显著负相关关系（p〈0.01）,相关系数均为-1.000。

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2016

0.0

韩路, 王家强, 王海珍, 牛建龙, 于军. 塔里木荒漠绿洲过渡带主要种群生态位与空间格局分析. 植物科学学报, 2016, 34(3): 352-360.

Han

, Wang J

, Wang H

, Niu J

, Yu

. Niche and spatial distribution pattern analysis of the main populations of the Tarim desert-oasis ecotone. Plant Science Journal, 2016, 34(3): 352-360. (in Chinese)

Exploring the spatial patterns and niche characteristics of desert plant populations is helpful in elucidating the community dynamic mechanisms and vegetation restoration in desert-oasis ecotones. Based on vegetation investigation data of three transects (50 m wide and 900 m length), the spatial distribution patterns, interspecific associations, and niche characteristics of the main plant populations in the desert-oasis ecotone of Tarim basin were analyzed using spatial point pattern analysis and niche indexes. Results showed that Populus euphratica Oliv., Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., and Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat.had higher importance values and niche widths, indicating better ability to compete for resources against other species with narrow niches, stronger ecological adaptability, and dominance of community structure dynamics and the environment. The values of niche overlap among the main plant populations were generally high, especially among herbaceous species. The distribution pattern indicated that desert plants in drought habitats had convergent adaptation, a low tendency of niche differentiation and intense interspecific competition for resources. The spatial patterns of dominant populations were different; T. ramosissima and G. inflate populations showed random distribution and aggregation distribution at the 0-25 m scale, respectively; P. euphratica populations showed an aggregated distribution at short distances (≤ 5 m) and random distribution with scale increase; P. euphratica vs T. ramosissima, P. euphratica vs G. inflate, and T. ramosissima vs G. inflate showed significantly negative spatial associations at the

于新疆塔里木盆地荒漠绿洲过渡带设置3条样带(长900m×宽50m)进行植物群落调查,运用生态位测度指标和点格局法对种群空间格局、空间关联性及生态位特征进行研究。结果显示,胡杨( Populus euphratica Oliv.)、多枝柽柳( Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.)和甘草( Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat.)具有较大的重要值和生态位宽度,对其它生态位较窄的物种具有资源竞争和扩张优势,生态适应能力强,对群落结构和环境变化起决定性作用;生态过渡带植物的种间生态位重叠普遍较高,尤其是草本植物间更明显,此分配格局反映出荒漠植物长期适应旱化生境而发生趋同适应,生态位分化程度低,种间资源竞争激烈;优势种群空间格局呈明显的空间变异性,0~25m尺度内多枝柽柳和甘草分别呈随机分布和聚集分布,胡杨种群在≤5m尺度内呈聚集分布,并随尺度增大转为随机分布;胡杨与多枝柽柳、胡杨与甘草、多枝柽柳与甘草分别在

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2013

0.0

梁娜, 靳瑰丽, 安沙舟, 赛米拉克孜·台外库力, 迪丽努尔·玉苏甫江. 伊犁绢蒿退化荒漠草地植物种群生态位的变化特征. 草业科学, 2013, 30(12), 2059-2065.

Liang

, Jin G

, An S

, Saimilakezi·Taiwaikuli, Dilinuer·Yusupujiang. Plant population niche characteristics research of desert Seriphdium transiliense degradation grassland . Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(12): 2059-2065. (in Chinese)

With the methods of space series substituting time series and of contrastive analysis, the niches of different degeneration gradients on desert Seriphidium transiliense degradation grassland were studied. The importance value, Levins niche breadth, Pianka niche overlapping indexes and niche similarity ratio were analyzed. With different degeneration gradients, the ecological niche was different in different populations. The niche width of constructive species of S.transiliense and the dominant species Petrosimonia sibirica decreased and that of the majority of remaining population was gradually increasing during the progress of the retrogressive succession. In different degradation stages, the niche breadth of P.sibirica is greater than the other species and there is large niche overlap between P.sibirica species and Trigonella arcuata species; Tulipa iliensis and T.arcuata have high niche similarity. During the progress of the retrogressive succession, the similarity ratio of P.sibirica and T.arcuata have higher niche breadth increased at the early stage and then reduce afterwards.

College of Pratacultural and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830052,China

采用以空间序列代替时间序列的方法,运用Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数及生态位相似比例,对伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地不同退化梯度间种群生态位宽度,生态位重叠与生态位相似比例进行一系列研究。结果表明,在不同退化梯度下,不同种群的生态位不同。随着退化演替的增强,建群种伊犁绢蒿( Seriphidium transiliense)及优势种叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica)的生态位宽度减少,其余大部分种群生态位宽度增大。在不同退化阶段叉毛蓬生态位宽度大于其他物种,且与弯果胡卢巴(Trigonella arcuata)物种间有较大的生态位重叠。在不同退化阶段,伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis )与弯果胡卢巴生态位相似比例较高。随着退化演替的增强,生态位宽度较高的叉毛蓬和弯果胡卢巴的相似比值先增高后降低。

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2012

0.0

庞吉林, 张克斌, 王海星, 王黎黎, 王晓, 苏朋飞. 盐池县人工封育草地植物生态位动态研究. 草业科学, 2012, 29(8): 1285-1293.

Pang J L, Zhang K B, Wang H X, Wang L L, Wang X, Su P F. Vegetable niche dynamic study of the enclosed desertification rangeland in Yanchi County. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(8): 1285-1293. (in Chinese)

Through field surveys of 2007, 2009 and 2011, the effect of three different fencing measures on Yanchi arid and semiarid grassland plant niche were studied in this paper by using the Levins niche breadth index and Pianka niche overlap index. The results showed that dominant species of the old enclosure region (E plot) were Salsola ruthenica and Heteropappus altaicus, while dominant position of S. ruthenica increased and that of H. altaicus decreased after fencing. In the new enclosure region (E1 plot), dominant species were Artemisia ordosica, Salsola ruthenica and Ixeris chinensis var. graminifolia. However, dominant position of S. ruthenica decreased and that of I. chinensis var. graminifolia increased obviously. Dominant species were A. ordosica, S. ruthenica and S. alopecuroides in the control area (E2 plot); A. ordosica was the dominant species in the three sampling periods and the niche breadth index of S. alopecuroides steady rised. The niche overlap index amone dominant species of the old enclosure region presented the downward trend through the fencing measure, while the niche overlap index amoge dominant species of the new enclosure region presented the rising trend.

通过2007、2009和2011年的实地调查，采用Levins生态宽度指数及Pianka生态位重叠指数研究了3种不同封育措施对宁夏盐池干旱半干旱区草地植物生态位的影响。结果表明，老封育区优势种为刺沙蓬(Salsola ruthenica)和阿尔泰狗娃花(Heteropappus altaicus)，经过封育刺沙蓬的优势地位有所下降，阿尔泰狗娃花的优势地位有所上升；新封育区优势种为黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）、刺沙蓬和丝叶山苦荬（Ixeris chinensis var.graminifolia），经过封育刺沙蓬的优势地位有所下降，丝叶山苦荬的优势地位明显上升；对照区的优势种为黑沙蒿、沙蓬刺、苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides），经过封育黑沙蒿在3个时期均处于主导地位，沙蓬刺的生态位宽度稳中有所上升。老封育区优势物种之间的生态位重叠值经过封育呈下降趋势，新封育区呈上升趋势。

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2017

0.0

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2013

0.0

郑伟, 董全民, 李世雄, 刘玉. 放牧对环青海湖高寒草原主要植物种群生态位的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(12), 2040-2046.

Zheng

, Dong Q

, Li S

, Liu

. Effects of grazing on niche of major plant populations in alpine steppe in Qinghai Lake Region. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(12): 2040-2046. (in Chinese)

... 因此,对多种植被类型生态位的研究已有诸多报道,如针阔叶林^[15,16,17]、荒漠植被^[18,19,20]、高寒草原^[21,22]等 ...

2015

0.0

冯宜明, 赵阳, 陈学龙, 齐瑞, 秦燕燕, 汤勇. 甘肃亚高山云杉人工林抚育效果评价指标体系. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 51(5): 694-698.

Feng Y

, Zhao

, Chen X

, Qi

, Qin Y

, Tang

. An evaluation index system for tending on spruce plantation at subalpine areas in Gansu Province. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences), 2015, 51(5): 694-698. (in Chinese)

采用专家咨询法和层次分析法, 建立一套由目标层、准则层和方案层组成的人工云杉林抚育效果评价指标体系,通过对权重和抚育效果显著指数的计算,达到评价的量化,实现对人工云杉林抚育效果的评价.研究表明准则层中,林分结构在效果评价中的权重最大(0.3408),其次为林分小气候(0.3009);方案层各指标在评价体系中的权重排序依次为结构的稳定性(乔灌草结合度)、光照强度、气温、树种组成及结构,权重值分别为0.163 7、0.152 7、0.095 7、0.093 2.

... 云杉(Picea asperata)是我国西北和西南地区具有代表性的森林树种,也是甘肃的主要造林树种,具有适应性强、生长快的特点^[23] ...

2017

0.0

赵栋, 付作霖, 徐德才, 李丹春, 齐瑞, 齐昊. 沙滩林场人工粗枝云杉林群落结构. 水土保持研究, 2017, 24(1): 346-350.

Zhao

, Fu Z

, Xu D

, Li D

, Qi

. Community structure of planted picea asperata mast. forest in shatan forest farm. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 24(1): 346-350. (in Chinese)

以白龙江林区沙滩林场采伐后进行人工造林恢复植被的典型模式——人工粗枝云杉林为研究对象,采用典型取样法,对研究区域内分布于低、中和高海拔的粗枝云杉林进行了调查研究,分析了其群落结构特征。结果表明:(1)沙滩林场人工粗枝云杉林成分群落结构较为简单,灌木层、草本层的结构参数均与乔木层的结构参数呈负相关关系;(2)区域内粗枝云杉林个体植株集中分布于低高度级与小径级范围内,多属幼龄林。且受立地条件的影响,低、中、高海拔粗枝云杉林树高、胸径表现出较大的差异,中海拔的粗枝云杉林长势优于低海拔和高海拔的云杉林;(3)人工粗枝云杉林初植密度偏大,且大多为纯林,森林结构不稳定,这制约了区域林分的结构优化,为沙滩林场生态公益林的持续发展带来一定的不利影响。

... 目前国内外对云杉群落的研究主要集中在群落结构^[24]、生物量和碳密度^[25]、生产力^[26]以及林下植物多样性^[27]等方面 ...

2013

0.0

周维. 不同年龄云杉生物量和碳密度分布特征. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学硕士学位论文, 2013.

Zhou

. Studies on biomass and carbon density in different-aged. Master Thesis. Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2013. (in Chinese)

温室效应成为目前人类面临的最严峻的全球环境问题之一。森林作为陆地生态系统最大的碳库,其生物量与碳密度分布的动态变化是全球碳循环的重要组成部分。本研究基于10块标准地中的63株云杉树干解析数据,对14、23、32、45和60年5个林龄云杉进行了生物量与碳密度的研究。旨在为能准确估算云杉林生态系统的碳储量和在区域或国家尺度上估算森林生态系统碳储量以及碳平衡提供基础数据,为正确估算森林的生态效益提供参考。主要结论如下： 14～60年生云杉天然林林分生物量为7.68-106.50t/hm2,其中乔木层、灌木层和草本层生物量分别为6.11-99.30t/hm2、1.57～7.20t/hm2和7.68-106.50kg/hm2,其中乔木层的比例最大,占整个系统的79.53%以上。随着树木的生长,干材比例从52.48%增加到54.28%、树皮比例从11.24%增加到12.40%、树根的比例从13.56%增加到15.43%；而树枝比例从14.33%下降到9.98%、树叶所占比例从8.39%下降到6.24%。 14年生云杉各器官平均含碳率变化范围为50.49%～52.93%,23年生云杉各器官平均含碳率变化范围为49.97%～53.44%,32年生云杉各器官平均含碳率变化范围为49.65%～52.17%,45年生云杉各器官平均含碳率变化范围为50.21%～52.74%,60年生云杉各器官平均含碳率变化范围为50.47%-52.48%。不同年龄云杉各器官含碳率表现均不相同,总体看来,树叶和树枝的碳含量较高于其他儿个器官。随着林龄的增加,云杉含碳率变化趋势不明显。云杉林年龄的增长并未明显地影响林下植被的含碳率变化规律。同一林分不同年龄云杉中各层次植物的含碳率依高低顺序排列为：乔木层灌木层草本层。不同年龄云杉天然林土壤层平均含碳率随着年龄的增加逐渐增加,且土壤各层的含碳率随着土层深度的增加而逐渐下降。土壤不同层次含碳率的分异均表现为0-15cm土层15-30cm土层30-45cm土层45-60cm土层。云杉林分的碳密度主要由四个部分组成,即乔木层、灌木层、草本层和土壤层,按碳密度的大小顺序排列为：土壤层乔木层灌木层草本层。14年生、23年生、32年生、45年生、60年生云杉生态系统碳密度(t/hm2)分别为：53.63、73.06、91.09、110.42、144.62,随着云杉林龄的增长,其中乔木层碳密度(t/hm2)增加程度最为明显,从14年生的3.12增加到23年生的13.86增加到32年生的16.53增加到45年生的32.84增加到60年生的50.51。林地土壤层(0-60cm)的碳素贮量是相当可观的,14年生、23年生、32年生、45年生、60年生云杉林地土壤碳密度(t/hm2)分别为分别为49.86、58.06、72.50、74.81、90.75,占整个林分碳密度的62.75%以上。在土壤层中,不同林龄云杉林地0-30cm的土壤层中的碳密度分别占其总碳密度的62.38%、60.19%、69.62%、65.41%和72.82%。随着云杉林分年龄的增长,地上部分与地下部分碳素贮量之比有逐渐下降的趋势。 14年生、23年生、32年生、45年生和60年生云杉天然林净生产力(t/hm2·a)分别为0.50、1.52、1.49、2.40、3.01,年净固定碳素量(t/hm2.a)分别0.26、0.78、0.76、1.24和1.55。

... 目前国内外对云杉群落的研究主要集中在群落结构^[24]、生物量和碳密度^[25]、生产力^[26]以及林下植物多样性^[27]等方面 ...

2014

0.0

蔡慧颖, 邸雪颖, 金光泽. 小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林的碳密度与生产力. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(10): 2794-2802.

Cai H

, Di X

, Jin G

. Carbon density and production in valley spruce-fir forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(10): 2794-2802. (in Chinese)

... 目前国内外对云杉群落的研究主要集中在群落结构^[24]、生物量和碳密度^[25]、生产力^[26]以及林下植物多样性^[27]等方面 ...

2014

0.0

秦燕燕, 蒋斌, 曹秀文, 冯宜明, 李丹春, 杨萌萌, 向梅, 陈蓉, 李波. 间伐强度对白龙江林区云杉人工林下植物多样性及其更新的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(4): 599-606.

Qin Y

, Jiang

, Cao X

, Feng Y

, Li D

, Yang M

, Xiang

, Chen

, Li

. Effects of thinning intensity on diversity of undergrowth vegetation and regeneration in artifical spruce forest. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(4): 599-606. (in Chinese)

In order to explore the effects of pre-and post-thinning intensity on undergrowth vegetation and regeneration in artificial spruce ( Picea asperata ) forest,species number,coverage,height of vegetation and seedling were investigated.Species richness,indices including Shannon-Wiener,Simpson and Pielou were analyzed to study plant diversity in this study.The results showed that the reserve trees growth with thinning were better than those control ones (without thinning) and species number of undergrowth vegetation with thinning plots increased significantly.With thinning intensity increased,the species richness,biomass and coverage of undergrowth vegetation also increased,and the most heavy thinned stands ( -1 ) showed the highest value of each index.The density,species richness,and height of seedling increased with thinning intensity.In heavy thinning intensity plots,tree seedling with all size classes distributed which did not observed in other plots.There was significant positive correlation between light and seedling diversity,density and richness,while the thin layer may have negative effects on them in thinning intensity plots.In this study,herbaceous coverage was observed to be the important factor in seedling richness and seedling density.

调查了粗枝云杉( Picea asperata )人工林间伐后和未间伐的林分生长、林下植物和幼苗种类、数量、盖度及高度，采用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行多样性分析，以探讨间伐强度对云杉人工林下植物多样性及其更新的影响。结果表明，随着间伐强度的增大，保留木的生长显著优于对照区( P <0.05)，林下植物种类和数量明显增加;不同间伐强度的林下植物多样性、丰富度、生物量和盖度等都显著高于对照区，且随间伐强度的增强而增大;幼苗密度、多样性、丰富度及其高度也随着间伐强度的增强而增大，且幼苗在各个径级都有分布。幼苗与生境条件的相关分析结果显示，光照和枯枝落叶层厚度是影响间伐林地幼苗生长的主要因素。

... 目前国内外对云杉群落的研究主要集中在群落结构^[24]、生物量和碳密度^[25]、生产力^[26]以及林下植物多样性^[27]等方面 ...

2014

0.0

冯宜明, 车克钧, 曹秀文, 赵栋, 谢飞, 王杰. 甘肃省白龙江林区主要森林类型生态服务功能价值评估. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2014, 34(10): 102-106.

Feng Y

, Che K

, Cao X

, Zhao

, Xie

, Wang

. Evaluation of eco-service functions of major forest types in Bailongjiang forest region of Gansu Province. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2014, 34(10): 102-106. (in Chinese)

采用甘肃省白龙江林区2010 年度森林资源二类调查资料和白龙江森林生态站监测数据,依据国家林业局发布的《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T1721-2008),评价了甘肃省白龙江林区5种主要森林类型的生态服务功能总价值。结果表明:5种主要森林类型的生态系统服务功能价值每年为303.702亿元,其中涵养水源为 133.790亿元,保育土壤为91.667亿元,固碳释氧为44.793亿元,积累营养物质为2.627亿元,净化大气环境为15.717亿元,生物多样性保护为13.797亿元,森林游憩为1.31亿元。研究结果将为甘肃省森林资源核算和绿色经济评价提供基础数据。

... 5 ℃,无霜期100 d^[28] ...

2004

0.0

... 草本的重要值计算公式^[29]:重要值=(相对密度+相对盖度+相对频度+相对高度)/4 ...

2017

0.0

龚雪伟, 吕光辉. 艾比湖流域杜加依林荒漠植物群落多样性及优势种生态位. 生物多样性, 2017, 25(1): 34-45.

Gong X

, Lyu G

. Species diversity and dominant species’niches of eremophyte communities of the Tugai forest in the Ebinur basin of Xinjiang, China. Biodiversity Science, 2017, 25(1): 34-45. (in Chinese)

摘　要：多样性格局的形成是物种间相互作用及其适应环境的结果。为了阐释艾比湖流域荒漠植物的物种多样性及优势种生态位特征，我们对艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区内阿其克苏河北岸的杜加依林进行了物种组成与环境因子调查。结果表明：（1）按照土壤水盐含量，根据多元回归树（multivariate regression tree，MRT）方法可将植被划分为胡杨-罗布麻-芦苇（Ass．Populus euphratica—Apocynum venetum-Phragmites australis）（I型）、胡杨-琵琶柴（Ass．Populus euphratica—Reaumuria songonica）（II型）和盐爪爪I胡杨-罗布麻＋骆驼刺（Ass．Kalidihim foliatum I Populus Puphratica-Apocynum venetum＋Alhagi sparsifolia）（III型）3个主要群丛。（2）I型群丛抵御极端环境的能力较差，包括5个样方，II型群丛能够忍受轻微的盐旱胁迫，包括3个样方，III型群丛对盐旱生境具有一定的适应性，包括22个样方；随着典型群丛从I型演替成为III型，沙生和盐生植物逐渐占据生境并成为主要优势种，Shannon—Wiener多样性指数（H）和Mrdrgalef丰富度指数（Ma）先降低后增加，Simpson优势度指数（C）和Pielou均匀度指数（目先增加后逐渐降低，体现了杜加依林植物群落的演替序列。（3）生态位宽度Bray-Curtis相性聚类分析将13个优势种分为2组，平均相似性分别为96．89％和97．66％，反映了研究区物种生态位宽度具有较高的相似性：基于物种多度数据的非度量多维标度排序（NMDS）压力系数为0．04，除铃铛刺（Halimodendron halodendron）与甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）外，物种之间的分布也具有较高的相似性。综上所述，土壤水盐含量是影响艾比湖流域杜加依林中荒漠植物群丛结构及多样性的主要环境因子，并决定了群落的演替方向；各优势种之间的生态位和分布具有较高的相似性，存在明显的竞争关系。

... 生态位宽度采用Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数进行测度^[30] ...

2007

0.0

... L_hi为物种h重叠物种i的生态位重叠指数,B₍_L₎_h为物种h的Levins生态位宽度指数^[31] ...

2014

0.0

高二鹏, 杨海龙, 贺康宁, 曹恒, 刘慧博, 王冰洁. 青海大通脑山区青海云杉+白桦混交林主要种群的生态位特征. 中国水土保持科学, 2014, 12(3): 101-106.

Gao E

, Yang H

, He K

, Can

, Liu H

, Wang B

. Niche characteristics of the main population under Picea crassifolia and Betula platyphylla mixed forest in high hill regions of Datong County, Qinghai Province. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 12(3): 101-106. (in Chinese)

摘　要：生态位是研究植物种群对自然资源利用和适应能力的重要手段.应用生态位理论,对青海大通脑山地区青海云杉＋白桦人工混交林下植被群落10种灌木和11种草本植物的生态位宽度、生态位重叠值和生态响应等进行分析.结果表明：1）灌木层,金露梅和高山柳的生态位宽度最大;草本层,珠芽蓼和东方草莓的生态位宽度最大.表明它们广布于青海云杉＋白桦混交林下,现阶段对环境适应能力最强.2）生态位宽度较大的种群间的生态位重叠普遍较高,生态位宽度窄的物种间生态位重叠普遍较小,但生态位宽度较小的种对也会有较大的生态位重叠;同属的物种之间生态位重叠也有可能较小,这可能与同属物种的演替进化有关.3）灌木层中,柳叶绣线菊发展性最强,八宝茶衰退最严重;草本层中,北方拉拉藤发展性最强,猪殃殃衰退最严重.研究成果可为青海大通脑山地区退耕还林与生态造林工程建设提供理论参考.

... R为生态响应速率,B₍_L₎为Levins生态位宽度指数^[32] ...

2006

0.0

王立龙, 王广林, 黄永杰, 李晶, 刘登义. 黄山濒危植物小花木兰生态位与年龄结构研究. 生态学报, 2006, 26(6): 1862-1871.

Wang L

, Wang G

, Huang Y

, Li

, Liu D

. Age structure and niche of the endangered Magnolia sieboldii in Huangshan Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(6): 1862-1871. (in Chinese)

... 3 讨论生态位宽度揭示了物种对环境资源的利用状况,也表征了物种的生态适应性和分布幅度^[33,34] ...

2016

0.0

张伟, 何俊皓, 郝文芳. 黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位. 草业科学, 2016, 33(7): 1391-1402.

Zhang

, He J

, Hao W

. Niche characteristics of dominant plant populations in grassland of loess hilly region of China with different man-agement styles. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(7): 1391-1402. (in Chinese)

In order to understand the response of niche characteristics of different plant communities to different management methods, five different managed grasslands including enclosure(E), lightly grazing(G), fertilization(F), clipping(C) and deratization(D) were investigated at YangQingChuang valley in Loess Hilly Region, China. Niche breadth and overlap indices were used to measure the niche characteristic of dominant plant populations, based on the field survey data got by “quadrat method”. The results showed that: The niche breadths of Lespedeza davurica , Artemisia sacrorum , Leymus secalinus , Artemisia scoparia and Poa sphondylodes which appeared in five treatments of the grasslands were larger than other species. The rank ordering between niche breadth in every population and total population were different in different management methods. Species which had the biggest niche breadth value in E, G, F, C and D were Lespedeza davurica , Leymus secalinus , Viola philippica , Lespedeza davurica , Artemisia scoparia respectively. And the number of species which had the niche breadth value greater than four in E, G, F, C and D were seven, six, three, three and three respectively. The order of niche overlap was as follows: E>G>F>C>D. In addition, the results demonstrated that there had no linear relationship between the niche overlap and niche breadth of tested species in the grasslands at four management styles except F. Niche analysis indicated that the E and G management styles resulted in the demand for resources tended to be the same between different populations. And different populations can coexist between each other by competition to facilitate the community succession. On the other hand, F, C and D management styles resulted in few individual plant species with strong competitiveness which destroyed the competition mechanism of grassland ecosystem and had negative effects of vegetation restoration. From the perspective of forages development, E, F and C management styles, are advantageous to superior forage grass progress.

以吴起县杨青川流域草地为研究对象,对封育(Enclosure)、放牧(Grazing)、施肥(Fertilization)、刈割(Clipping)、灭鼠(Deratization)5种管理方式的草地群落进行调查,并运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数对5种管理方式下主要植物种群生态位特征进行分析。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子( Lespedeza davurica )、铁杆蒿( Artemisia sacrorum )、赖草( Leymus secalinus )、猪毛蒿( Artemisia scoparia )和硬质早熟禾( Poa sphondylodes )的种群总生态位宽度较大,封育>放牧>施肥>刈割>灭鼠管理模式下,生态位宽度最大的分别是达乌里胡枝子、赖草、紫花地丁( Viola philippica )、达乌里胡枝子和猪毛蒿,生态位宽度值大于4的物种数分别为6、6、3、4和3种。不同管理方式下各种对间的重叠指数平均值由大到小依次封育>放牧>施肥>刈割>灭鼠。施肥管理中,种群间生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间存在线性关系,其它管理方式中种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间不存在线性关系。生态位分析表明,封育和放牧管理下种群间对资源的需求趋于相同,彼此间通过竞争共存,有利于群落演替,草地生态系统逐渐得到恢复,施肥、刈割、灭鼠管理使群落物种竞争排序发生变化,破坏了草地生态系统原有的竞争机制,导致群落向简单群落演替。从牧草发展角度出发,封育、施肥和刈割有利于优质牧草生长。

... 3 讨论生态位宽度揭示了物种对环境资源的利用状况,也表征了物种的生态适应性和分布幅度^[33,34] ...

2016

0.0

卢炜丽, 张洪江, 陈奇伯, 吴霖, 栗宏林. 重庆四面山杉木林群落乔木层优势种群生态位特征研究. 西北林学院学报, 2016, 31(2): 60-65.

Lu W

, Zhang H

, Chen Q

, Wu

, Li H

. Niche characteristics of the tree-layer dominant populations of cunninghamia lanceolata forest in chongqing simian mountains. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2016, 31(2): 60-65. (in Chinese)

应用2种不同类型的生态位宽度公式和生态位重叠公式统计分析重庆四面山杉木林乔木层优势种群生态位特征.结果表明,重庆四面山杉木林中,杉木、腺萼马银花、光叶山矾、长蕊杜鹃、细枝柃、城口桤叶树都具有较大的生态位宽度,其Bi和Ba值分别为0.589 8、0.563 2、0.594 1、0.558 8、0.595 2、0.566 0和0.928 7、0.787 1、0.955 0、0.775 1、0.960 7、0.807 6;而檫木、薯豆的生态位宽度较小,其Bi和Ba值为0.121 1、0.057 5和0.427 3、0.503 6.生态位宽度与生态位重叠有一定的联系,但又不呈明显的规律性.具有较大生态位宽度的物种是杉木林群落的主要优势种或伴生种,其对环境具有广泛的适应性.具有相近的生态特性或对生境因子有互补性要求的物种间生态位重叠较大.在营造杉木人工林时,可以选择光叶山矾、长蕊杜鹃、细枝柃等与杉木进行混交.

... 草本层中,东方草莓、鸭茅、紫花碎米荠具有较大的生态位宽度,这与其对环境的适应性和对资源的利用能力有关^[35] ...

2009

0.0

刘淑燕, 余新晓, 陈丽华. 北京山区天然林乔木树种种间联结与生态位研究. 西北林学院学报, 2009, 24(5): 26-30.

Liu S

, Yu X

, Chen L

. Interspecific association and niche research of natural forest in Beijing mountainous area. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2009, 24(5): 26-30. (in Chinese)

槭、大果榆、山杏、侧柏的生态位宽度较小.(3)在生态位重叠指数中,白桦和山杨、色木槭和白桦、白蜡和胡桃楸、色木槭和山杨生态位重叠较大,而侧柏、槲栎、臭椿和大果榆与其他的多个主要树种的生态重叠指数较小.

... 生态位重叠作为衡量种间生态相似性的指标与种间竞争有着一定的联系^[36] ...

2015

0.0

周洋, 郑小贤, 王琦, 刘晓玥. 福建三明栲类次生林主要树种更新生态位研究. 西北林学院学报, 2015, 30(4): 84-88.

Zhou

, Zheng X

, Wang

, Liu X

. Regeneration niche of Castanopsis secondary forest in jiangle, Fujian. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2015, 30(4): 84-88. (in Chinese)

... 一般认为,生态位宽度大的种群对资源的利用能力较强,分布范围广,因而与其他种群生态位重叠的几率高^[37] ...

2011

0.0

刘巍, 曹伟. 长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(8): 1766-1774.

, Cao

. Niche characteristics of main plant species in spruce-fir forests in Changbai Mountains. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(8): 1766-1774. (in Chinese)

By using TWINSPAN, the 23 sampling plots of spruce-fir forests in Changbai Mountains were divided into eight community types, and, taking this division as one-dimensional resource state, the niche characteristics of 12 main trees, 13 main shrubs, and 18 main herbs in the spruce-fir forest communities were analyzed by using Levins and Hurlbert formulae of niche breadth and Pianka formula of niche overlap. In tree layer, Abies nephrolepis and Picea jezoensis had the biggest niche breadth, and were the main constructive species of the forest communities in this region. In shrub layer, Euonymus pauciflorus and Acer ssp. had larger niche breadth than other species. In herb layer, Dryopteris crassirhizoma , Oxalis acetosella ,and Maianthemum bifolium had higher niche breadth, showing that these species widely distributed under the dense canopy of the forests, and had strong capability to adapt to the environment. The populations with larger niche breadth could produce smaller niche overlap, while those with smaller niche breadth would have larger niche overlap, mainly depending on the biological characteristics of plant species and their demands for environmental resources. From the viewpoint of the distribution pattern of niche overlap, there generally existed niche overlaps among main populations, but the niche overlaps were mostly at low level, indicating that the interspecific competition generated by utilizing same resources or occupying specific resources was not intense, and the environmental resources could be sufficiently shared by different populations. The spruce-fir forest communities in Changbai Mountains were at relatively stable stage.

应用TWINSPAN将23块长白山云冷杉林样方划分为8个群落类型，以此作为一维资源位，应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式对长白山云冷杉林群落12种主要乔木、13种主要灌木和18种主要草本植物的生态位特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）乔木层中，臭冷杉、鱼鳞云杉具有最大的生态位宽度，它们是该区森林群落的主要建群种。灌木层中，瘤枝卫矛与几种槭树的生态位宽度较大。草本层中，粗茎鳞毛蕨、山酢浆草、二叶舞鹤草具有较大的生态位宽度。表明它们广布于云冷杉林郁闭的林冠下，对环境适应能力强。（2）生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠，生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠，这主要取决于物种的生物学特性和对环境资源的需求。（3）从生态位重叠分布格局来看，主要植物种群的生态位重叠较为普遍，但主要集中在较低水平，表明群落内因利用相同资源或占有同一资源而产生的种间竞争并不激烈，对环境资源的共享比较充分，长白山云冷杉群落处于相对稳定阶段。

... 然而本研究发现,生态位宽度较大的种群之间出现了较小的生态位重叠,这是因为生态位宽度反映的是一个种群在资源序列上占据空间的能力,而生态位重叠考虑的则是种群之间的竞争和共存关系,是建立在物种生物学特性和生态因子需求基础上的,因此,具有较大生态位宽度种群之间的生态学特性不同,对资源段位要求不完全一致,如若环境中共用的资源较为丰富,就会导致生态位重叠不高^[38] ...

2012

0.0

柴宗政, 王得祥, 张丽楠, 张洋, 黄青平, 吴昊. 秦岭山地天然油松群落主要植物种群生态位特征. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(8): 1917-1923.

Chai Z

, Wang D

, Zhang L

, Zhang

, Huang Q

, Wu

. Niche characteristics of main plant populations in natural Pinus tabulaeformis communities in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(8): 1917-1923. (in Chinese)

By using Levins and Hurlbert formulae of niche breadth and Pianka formula of niche overlap, this paper analyzed the niche characteristics of 20 trees and 26 shrub populations in natural  Pinus tabulaeformis  communities in Qinling Mountains. In canopy layer,  P. tabulaeformis , Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata ,  P. armandii , and  Toxicodendron vernicifluum  were the dominant populations; in shrub layer, the dominant populations were  Corylus heterophylla , Euonymus alatus , Lonicera japonica , and  Viburnum dilatatum . The dominant populations in canopy layer had the largest niche breadth, and were the main body of the communities; while the V. dilatatum , Elaeagnus pungens , E. alatus , and C. heterophylla  in shrub layer had a larger niche breadth than the other populations. In canopy layer, there was a lower niche overlap between the dominant populations, but the  Populus purdomiiDendrobenthamia anguwstata , Rhus chinensisPopulus davidiana , and Populus simoniiBetula platyphylla had a higher niche overlap. In shrub layer, more dominant populations appeared niche overlap, and  E. alatus-E. schensianus , Spiraea salicifoliaLonicera japonica ,  Cotinus coggygria var. glaucophylla-Smilax scobinicaulis , and  Rhododendron lapponicum-Salix cathayana  showed a larger niche overlap. The dominant populations in the communities had a larger niche breadth and a higher niche overlap with other populations, but no positive correlation was observed between the niche breadth and niche overlap.

应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度及Pianka生态位重叠研究方法，对秦岭山地天然油松群落内20种主要乔木及26种主要灌木的种群生态位特征进行了分析。结果表明:（1）油松、锐齿槲栎、华山松、漆树为乔木层的优势种群，而榛子、卫矛、忍冬、荚蒾为灌木层的优势种群。（2）乔木层中上述优势种群具有较大的生态位宽度，构成了该群落的主体；灌木层中荚蒾、胡颓子、卫矛、榛子等种群的生态位宽度较大。（3）乔木层主要种群间生态位重叠相对较少，其中冬瓜杨-尖叶四照花、盐肤木-山杨、小叶杨白桦、小叶杨-少脉椴等种对生态位重叠值较高；灌木层主要种群间生态位重叠较多，其中卫矛-陕西卫矛、绣线菊-忍冬、粉背黄栌-黑刺菝葜、高山杜鹃-中华柳等种对生态位重叠较高。（4）群落内优势种群生态位宽度较大，与其他种群间的生态位重叠值相对较高,但生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间没有绝对的正相关关系。

... 这也反映出生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间的关系较为复杂,并没有绝对的正相关关系,这与柴宗政等^[39]、胡正华等^[40]、陈艳瑞和尹林克^[41]的研究结论一致 ...

2009

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胡正华, 钱海源, 于明坚. 古田山国家级自然保护区甜槠林优势种群生态位. 生态学报, 2009, 29(7): 3670-3677.

Hu Z

, Qian H

, Yu M

. The niche of dominant species populations in Castanopsis eyrei forest in Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserve. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(7): 3670-3677. (in Chinese)

A field plot sampling method was employed to investigate community niche of Castanopsis eyrei forest in Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserve. Parameters of niche breadth, niche similarity and niche overlap were calculated to show community characteristics of 14 dominant species, including Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Loropetalum chinensis, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Rhododendron ovatum, Lithocarpus glaber, Rhododendron latoucheae, Castanopsis fargesii, Photinia serrulata, Castanopsis tibetana, Pinus massoniana, Syzygium buxifolium and Vaccinium bracteatum. The results showed that niche breadths of Castanopsis eyrei and Schima superba were larger than other species, with Levins (Bi) and Hurlbert's (Ba) values being 0.8703 and 0.8528, and 0.8446 and 0.7824, respectively. Smaller niche breadths were found for Photinia serrulata, Castanopsis fargesii and Castanopsis tibetana species, with Bi and Ba values being 0.2956 and 0.1359, 0.2953 and 0.1356, and 0.2684 and 0.1064, respectively. The niche similarity between populations increased with niche breadth, as shown between Castanopsis eyrei and Schima superba, between Castanopsis eyrei and Rhododendron ovatum, or between Schima superba and Rhododendron ovatum, similarity values being 0.7630, 0.7252 and 0.6452, respectively. Despite of difference in niche breadth, in addition, large niche similarity existed between Schima superba and Lithocarpus glaber (0.6866) due to their similar habitat requirements. Niche overlap degree between populations increased with niche breadth, which was shown in Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Rhododendron ovatum, etc. Only 39 sets of Castanopsis eyrei forest had niche overlap values greater than 0.1, accounting for 21.4% of the total. Therefore, small niche overlap degree found in this study suggests less fierce interspecies competition in the forest, representing a stable community of the Castanopsis eyrei forest of Gutian Mountain.

采用样方法进行不同资源位群落调查，利用生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠公式测试了古田山国家自然保护区甜槠林14个优势种群\[甜槠（Castanopsis eyrei）、木荷（Schima superba）、马银花（Rhododendron ovatum）、檵木（Loropetalum chinensis）、麂角杜鹃（Rhododendron latoucheae）、虎皮楠（Daphniphyllum macropodum）、马尾松（Pinus massoniana）、青冈（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）、乌饭树（Vaccinium bracteatum）、石栎（Lithocarpus glaber）、赤楠（Syzygium buxifolium）、石楠（Photinia serrulata）、栲树（Castanopsis fargesii）、钩栗（Castanopsis tibetana）\]的生态位。结果表明：甜槠和木荷的生态位宽度较大，其Bi、Ba分别为0.8703、0.8528和0.8446、0.7824；而石楠、栲树和钩栗的生态位宽度较小，其Bi、Ba分别为0.2956、0.1359，0.2953、01356和0.2684、0.1064。生态位宽度较大的物种之间的生态相似性比例较大，如甜槠与木荷、甜槠与马银花、木荷与马银花的生态相似性比例分别为0.7630、0.7252和0.6452；对生境需求有较大相似性的生态位宽度不同的物种其生态位相似比例也会较高，如木荷与马尾松生态位相似比为0.6866。生态位宽度较大的树种间生态位重叠较大，如甜槠、木荷、马银花等。甜槠林中生态位重叠值大于0.1的有39对，仅占21.4%，生态位重叠值不大，表明甜槠林中因利用相同的资源位而产生的种间竞争并不激烈，是一个稳定的森林群落。

2008

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陈艳瑞, 尹林克. 人工防风固沙林演替中群落组成和优势种群生态位变化特征. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1126-1133.

Chen Y

, Yin L

. Community composition and niche change characteristics of dominant species in the wind-breaking and sand -fixing forest, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1126-1133. (in Chinese)