The present study explored the effects of fungal endophytes on host growth with endophyte-infected (E+), endophyte-free (E-) and mixture of E+ and E-(M) populations of L. perenne under two different growth environmental conditions including greenhouse and field. In green house, four different water treatments including 15%(FWC 15 ), 30%(FWC 30 ), 45%(FWC 45 ) and 60%(FWC 60 ) of field water content (FWC) were simulated in pots. The results showed that the plant height and tiller numbers, growth rates of plant height and tiller, blade width and length, aboveground water content and aboveground biomass of E+, E- and M gradually increased with the increase of soil moisture content in greenhouse which reached maximum under FWC 45 treatment. However, the growth indices of plants under FWC 60 moisture condition were less than those of plants under FWC 45 treatment which suggested that FWC 60 treatment inhibited plants growth. All these results suggested that FWC 45 was optimal condition for perennial ryegrass. The tiller numbers, growth rate of plant height and tiller, blade width, aboveground water content of E+ populations were significantly higher ( P <0.05) than those of E- and M populations and the blade length of E + populations were significantly higher ( P <0.05) than that of E- populations under each moisture condition in pot experiment. There were no significant difference between E+ and M population for aboveground biomass with FWC 60 treatment, while E+ populations were significantly higher ( P <0.05) than that of M populations ( P <0.05) under other treatments. With FWC 15 , FWC 30 and FWC 45 treatment, aboveground biomass of E+ population were significantly higher ( P <0.05) than those of E- and M populations although there were no significant difference between E- and M populations, however, aboveground biomass of E+ and M population were significantly higher ( P <0.05) than that of E- populations. Under natural field conditions, the plant height and tiller numbers, growth rates of plant height and tiller, blade width and aboveground biomass of E+ populations were significantly higher ( P <0.05) than those of E- and M populations, while the blade length and aboveground water content had no significant difference with M population. The growth indices of E- were significantly ( P <0.05) less than those of E+ population. These results suggested that the fungal endophytes could promote the growth and enhance the drought resistance of L. perenne in the greenhouse and field conditions.

本研究分别比较了在温室不同水分处理条件和田间自然条件下,包括100%被内生真菌感染(E+)种群,未被内生真菌感染(E-)种群和50%带菌率的E+和E-植株混合种群(M)的3种不同多年生黑麦草( Lolium perenne )种群的生长情况,以分析内生真菌对其寄主多年生黑麦草生长的影响。在模拟田间最大持水量(Field Water Content,FWC)的15%(FWC 15 )、30%(FWC 30 )、45%(FWC 45 )和60%(FWC 60 )的4种不同水分处理的温室盆栽试验中,随着土壤水分含量的增大,E+、E-和M种群的株高、分蘖数、株高生长速率、分蘖生长速率、叶宽、叶长、地上组织含水量和地上生物量先逐渐增大,在FWC 45 水分条件下达到了最大,然后在FWC 60 水分条件下各项生长指标降低,均低于FWC 45 水分处理,说明FWC 45 水分条件最适宜黑麦草幼苗的生长,而FWC 15 、FWC 30 和FWC 60 水分条件对黑麦草幼苗的生长具有抑制作用;在盆栽各水分条件下,E+种群的分蘖数、株高生长速率、分蘖生长速率、叶宽、地上部组织含水量均显著高于E-和M种群( P <0.05);E+种群的叶长显著大于E-种群( P <0.05);在FWC 60 水分条件下,E+和M种群的地上部生物量差异不显著( P >0.05),但均显著高于E-种群( P <0.05),而在其余3个水分条件下,E+种群均显著大于E-和M种群( P <0.05),但是E-和M种群之间无差异。在田间自然条件下,E+种群的株高、分蘖数、株高生长速率、分蘖生长速率、叶宽、地上部生物量均显著高于E-和M种群( P <0.05);而E+种群的叶长和地上部组织含水量与M种群差异不显著( P >0.05),但显著高于E-种群( P <0.05)。这说明内生真菌在温室和田间均能促进多年生黑麦草的生长,并增强其抗旱性和对该地区的环境适应性,内生真菌带菌率越高,其优势越明显。

Previous studies have shown that endophytes can increase the resistance of drunken horse grass ( Achnatherum inebrians ) to many stresses, such as insects, diseases, waterlogging, drought, salt, and heavy metals. The aim of this study was to compare the resistance of endophyte-infected (E + ) and endophyte-free (E - ) drunken horse grass to powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis ). Forty pots of drunken horse grass (20 E + plants and 20 E - plants) were grown in a greenhouse. After 2 months, the natural infection rates, the percentage of diseased leaves, and the disease indexes of powdery mildew in both E + and E - plants were estimated and recorded. At the same time, the E + and E - drunken horse grass plants were scored as healthy, slightly diseased, or severely diseased based on a disease index. Then, four replicates of E + and E - plants were randomly selected to measure several physiological indexes; chlorophyll content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro). Chlorophyll content was measured by acetone extraction, SOD and POD activities were evaluated using nitroblue tetrazolium and guaiacol assays, respectively, and MDA and Pro contents were determined using the sulfosalicylic acid and glucosinolate barbituric acid methods, respectively. The disease infection rate, the percentage of diseased leaves, and disease indexes of E - plants were 97%, 86%, and 82.49, respectively, significantly higher ( P <0.05) than their respective values in E + plants (48%, 60%, and 50.76). The chlorophyll and proline contents and SOD and POD activities were higher in E + plants than in E - plants, regardless of whether the plants were slightly or severely infected. The MDA content was significantly ( P <0.05) lower in E + plants than in E - plants. These results provide evidence that endophyte infection can increase the resistance of drunken horse grass to powdery mildew disease.

为研究内生真菌对醉马草白粉病抗性的影响,在温室条件下,对自然发生不同程度白粉病(健康、轻度感病和重度感病植株)的带内生真菌(E + )和不带内生真菌(E - )的醉马草植株的发病率、病叶率、病情指数及各项生理生化指标进行测定。结果表明,E + 醉马草的发病率48%显著低于E - 醉马草的发病率97% ( P <0.05),E + 的病叶率60%显著低于E - 醉马草病叶率86% ( P <0.05),E + 醉马草的病情指数为50.76,E - 醉马草的病情指数为82.49;通过各项生理生化指标的测定发现与健康植株相比,在轻度和重度发病植株中,内生真菌的存在可以显著( P <0.05)提高醉马草叶片的叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量,E + 醉马草的SOD酶活性和POD酶活性也显著高于E - 醉马草,同时内生真菌显著地降低了醉马草叶片中丙二醛(MDA)的含量。据此说明内生真菌的存在能够提高醉马草抗白粉病的能力。

Endophytes are commonly defined as fungi that live asymptomatically within healthy plant tissue, such as leaves, stems or roots, for a part or all of their life cycle. The largest plant family hosting these endophytes is Poaceae. Studies on the grass-endophyte symbiosis indicate that endophytes can not only protect the host grass from abiotic stresses but also enhance its resistance to biotic disturbance, including herbivores, nematodes, bacteria and pathogens. However, the response of grass-endophyte symbiosis to fungal pathogens is less studied. Most previous reports on resistance of endophytes to pathogens have focused on inhibition of fungal pathogens by endophytes in vitro or by inoculation of fungal pathogens on detached leaves of the symbiont, and these studies have demonstrated that endophytes can inhibit growth of certain species of fungal pathogens to some degree. Up to now, only a few studies have centered on influence of endophyte infection on disease resistance of live plants. In this paper we used the endophyte Epichloë bromicola , which was isolated from Leymus chinensis . L. chinensis is a natural grass, widely distributed in the Inner Mongolian steppe. Three species of fungal pathogens were chosen, i.e. Curvularia lunata , Bipolaris sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp.. The experiment comprised three parts, i.e. fungal pathogens inhibition experiment by endophyte, infected detached leaves and infected intact plants experiments. The questions were: (1) whether E. bromicola could inhibit the growth of the three fungal pathogens in vitro , and (2) whether endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) plants differed in resistance to the pathogenic fungi in detached leaves and live plants of L. chinensis . The results suggested that E. bromicola significantly inhibited the growth of C. lunata , B. sorokiniana and C. sp. in vitro , but anti-fungal activities of the endophyte to different pathogenic fungi were different. The inhibition rates were 56.22, 46.93 and 45.15%, respectively. Culture filtrate of endophyte also effectively reduced pathogenic spore germination and the average germination rate were 30.4, 15.7 and 16.4%, respectively. The main antagonism mechanisms involved in competition and producing anti-fungal chemical compounds. As for our research, the main strategy was the latter. Leaf inoculation trial showed that all fungal pathogens were able to cause lesions on detached leaves regardless of endophyte status. Either the number or length of disease lesions on E+ L. chinensis leaves caused by C. lunata or C. sp. decreased compared with those on E- leaves. But lesion number and length of B. sorokiniana leaf spots were dramatically higher on E+ leaves compared with E- leaves. Detached leaves extraction inhibited three pathogens to varying degrees. The reason might be that some inhibitory substances differed in vitro and in the whole plant. The intact E+ leaves had greater resistance to all of three species of pathogens than E- leaves. The explanation may be that the defense of plant associated with endophyte increased through resistance enhancement and secondary metabolites production. In a word, the endophyte E. bromicola had a positive effect on disease resistance of the host plant.

以感染内生真菌的天然禾草羊草为实验材料,通过体外纯培养条件下的内生真菌、感染内生真菌的离体叶片和在体叶片对3种病原菌的抑菌实验,以探讨内生真菌对宿主植物羊草在抗病性方面的贡献。结果表明:体外纯培养条件下,分离自羊草的内生真菌 Epichloë bromicola 对新月弯孢( Curvularia lunata )、根腐离蠕孢( Bipolaris sorokiniana )和枝孢霉( Cladosporium sp.)这3种病原菌都具有抑制作用,抑菌率分别达56.22%,46.93%和45.15%,且内生真菌培养滤液可以有效抑制这3种病原菌的孢子萌发,平均萌发率分别为30.4%,15.7%和16.4%;宿主植物叶片在离体条件下,内生真菌感染可以有效降低羊草叶片受 C. lunata 和 C. sp.侵染后的病斑数或病斑长度,但对 B. sorokiniana 不起作用,甚至提高了叶片的病斑数及病斑长度,而离体叶片提取液对不同病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用;在体条件下,内生真菌均可以通过降低叶片病斑数来增强羊草植株对这3种病原菌的抗性。由此看来,内生真菌 E. bromicola 对宿主植物羊草在抗病原菌侵染方面有一定的增益作用。

摘　要： 醉马草是我国西北地区的一种天然烈性毒草,其所携带的内生真菌（Epichloё）能促进共生体的生长和提高共生体的生物与非生物抗性。以5℃下正常生长一个月的带内生真菌（E＋）醉马草幼苗和不带内生真菌（E-）醉马草幼苗为实验材料,测定了外源SA和ABA处理下醉马草幼苗生理生化指标。结果表明,与对照比较,SA和ABA处理增加了叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性,降低了丙二醛含量;SA处理下,在胁迫第4天时,内生真菌显著（P〈0.05）提高了脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性,分别提高了51.8%和62.1%。胁迫第6天时,叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量和过氧化物酶活性均达到显著（P〈0.05）水平,且SA＋比SA-分别显著（P〈0.05）提高了23.0%,25.4%,23.7%,18.0%;ABA处理下,内生真菌能显著（P〈0.05）提高叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性,但在胁迫第6和8天时,内生真菌却显著（P〈0.05）降低了丙二醛含量,ABA＋比ABA-分别显著（P〈0.05）降低了21.1%和34.3%。表明一定浓度的SA或ABA与内生真菌互作能缓解低温胁迫对醉马草幼苗的伤害。

随着越来越多的内生菌在植物体内被发现,从药用植物体内生菌中开发利用新的活性化合物成为了目前研究的一个热点。研究内生菌与宿主药用植物之间的相互关系,对于提高中药材的产量和质量,天然药物的新生产途径的研究开发及濒危药用植物资源的保护具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本研究以常用中药材半夏( Pinellia ternate(Thunb.) Breit. )为材料,对其新鲜块茎内的内生菌进行了分离,并对所得内生真菌的生物活性进行了初步研究。主要研究结果如下: 1、本研究对五月初刚出土的半夏新鲜块茎中的内生菌进行了分离,共得到内生菌菌株61株,其中内生细菌30株,内生放线菌26株,内生真菌5株。 2、以半夏内生真菌为主要研究对象,对其进行了初步的形态学鉴定,并采用生长速率法分别测定其发酵液和菌丝体丙酮提取物对五种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明:五种内生真菌的发酵液对五种植物病原菌的抑菌活性普遍高于其菌丝体丙酮提取物,其中内生真菌PI-Z02较其它四种内生真菌表现出较高的的抑菌效果。 3、用半夏内生真菌发酵液处理油菜、萝卜、白菜和生菜四种作物的种子,进行种子发芽试验,研究发酵液对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:PI-Z01的发酵液具有较强的生物活性,对萝卜、白菜、油菜种子发芽普遍具有促生效果,PI-Z02对萝卜和油菜的发芽有明显的促生作用,而PI-Z03和PI-Z05在对这四种种子的发芽率方面均未表现出明显生物活性,PI-Z04发酵液对四种种子的萌发均表现出非常明显的抑制作用,其中三种种子发芽率为零。而五种内生真菌发酵液对种子萌发后芽长的影响又分别有所不同。 4、测定了半夏内生真菌菌株产IAA的情况,结果表明:五种内生真菌均可产生一定量的IAA,但有很大差异; 5、研究了半夏内生真菌发酵液对半夏组培苗生长的影响。结果表明PI-Z01和PI-Z02发酵液对组培苗的鲜重、株高及植株叶绿素含量均有促进作用,可以显著促进半夏组培苗的生长。

水是种子萌发的关键因素,种子萌发及幼苗生长直接影响着干旱区植被的分布和多样性。以铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)和披针叶野决明(Thermopsis lanceolata)种子为研究材料,用不同浓度PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子萌发的影响。结果表明:不同浓度处理均降低了铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子的发芽率、发芽势、日相对发芽率和平均发芽速率,延缓了种子萌发进程,胚芽和胚根生长也受到抑制。不同浓度处理中,12%是相对高萌发率的浓度,其种子的发芽率、发芽势、日相对发芽率、平均发芽速率、胚根及胚芽长均明显高于其他处理,与对照相近。干旱胁迫对铃铛刺和披针叶野决明种子萌发影响不完全一样,如对胚芽和胚根生长的抑制作用,铃铛刺种子胚芽和胚根作用相近,披针叶野决明则对胚根作用较胚芽明显。

Polyethylene glycol(PEG)-6000 was employed as osmotic agent for simulating water stress,to study the germination characteristics of rice grain in four difference concentrations osmotic solution and to establish the identification index for indirectly evaluating drought-resistance in germination period.The result showed that the inhibiting on seed germination in higher concentration of PEG was larger than that in lower concentration of PEG,and drought response index of germination rate was increased along with the decrease of PEG conentration and the course of germination.Germination rate after germinated 6 days in 20% concentration of PEG had more variance range and coeffecient of variation,better proportion on variety distributing than other's,it could reflect different response of rice variety on osmotic stress,so it was fit for drought-resistance identification on germination rate.Survival rate of seedling treated drought repeatedly was significantly correlated with the index of germination in osmotic stress and coleoptile length after germinated 8 days on 20% concentration of PEG,so index of germination and coleoptile length could be used as identification index for indirectly evaluating drougt-resistance at the seedling stage.

用聚乙二醇（PEG）-6000作为渗透剂模拟干旱胁迫，探讨在4种不同浓度的渗透胁迫下水稻种子的萌发特性，并确立间接评价水稻苗期抗旱性的萌发期鉴定指标。结果表明，高浓度渗透液对种子萌发的抑制作用明显大于低浓度，萌发率的干旱胁迫反应指数随渗透液浓度的降低和萌发进程而增加。在不同浓度的渗透胁迫处理中，20％浓度下萌发6d后的萌发率表现较大的变异幅度和变异系数以及较均衡的品种频率分布，较好地反映了水稻种质对渗透胁迫的不同反应，认为20％／6d条件较适合作为萌发率鉴定的渗透液模拟干旱胁迫；经反复干旱后的幼苗存活率与萌发胁迫指数和20％胁迫浓度下萌发8d后芽鞘长的干旱胁迫反应指数（DRI）表现极显著或显著正相关，认为萌发胁迫指数和芽鞘长的DRI可作为评价水稻苗期抗旱性的间接鉴定指标。

禾草内生真菌广泛的存在于禾本科植物体内,他们不会引起植物任何感病症状,内生真菌侵染对植株生长有促进作用、且具有提高植物抵抗生物和非生物胁迫能力.本研究以感染内生真菌和非感染内生真菌高羊茅种子为研究对象,研究不同浓度PEG6000胁迫处理下,带菌和不带菌种子萌发能力差异.结果表明:在高羊茅种子萌发时,用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫种子,感染内生真菌高羊茅种子的发芽率和胚根长均高于非感染种子的,说明内生真菌浸染能够提高高羊茅种子萌发时的耐旱能力.带菌高羊茅将会更好的适应干旱环境.

Endophytes or endophytic fungi are a kind of fungi that live inside plants. They widely exist in higher plants, particularly in grasses. The fungi are members of class Ascomycetes, family Clavicipitaceae, tribe Balansiae, including some imperfect fungi th

以含有内生真菌的黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)种子为材料，采用4 ℃冰箱内和20 ℃培养箱内保存18个月的方式分别构建内生真菌侵染（EI）和内生真菌非侵染（EF）的黑麦草种群，通过比较EI和EF种群在正常条件下（对照）和渗透胁迫条件下种子发芽、幼苗生长等方面的差异，探讨内生真菌对其宿主植物的直接和间接影响。结果表明：在对照和胁迫条件下，EI种子的发芽势及发芽率均明显高于EF种子，而在重度胁迫下EI植株的叶延伸速率、根系总长度高于EF植株。内生真菌对宿主植物分蘖数和生物量的变化没有促进作用，但

醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)是我国北方天然草原主要的烈性毒草之一，在干旱与半干旱的高寒草原区恶劣环境条件下的草地群落中具有明显的生长优势。研究发现醉马草与甘肃内生真菌(Neotyphodium gansuense Li et Nan)共生。有关内生真菌分类学与生物学特性，共生体的抗病、虫特性等已有研究报道，但是有关带菌(E+)与不带菌(E-)醉马草抗旱特性的研究尚属空白。 本论文通过在一定的渗透胁迫和干旱胁迫条件下，观测E+与E-醉马草种子的萌发情况，幼苗及成株的生长情况和抗旱相关生理指标等，明确了内生真菌对醉马草的各生长阶段抗旱性的影响，最终从理论上探明了内生真菌-醉马草—水分之间的相互作用及其关系。主要结果如下： 1．夏河、榆中两地醉马草的带菌率高达90％以上；叶鞘、茎髓和种子中均带有内生真菌菌丝体。 2．室内渗透胁迫条件下，内生真菌可以提高干旱地区醉马草种子的发芽率、发芽速度，促进胚根、胚芽的生长。在较重度渗透胁迫条件下，干旱地区醉马草E+植株的发芽率、发芽指数、胚芽和胚根长显著高于E-植株(p＜0.05)。而湿润地区E+与E-醉马草种子发芽率、发芽指数、胚芽和胚根长差异不显著(p＞0.05)。 3．温室渗透胁迫条件下，内生真菌可以显著提高醉马草幼苗在重度胁迫下的叶片相对含水量，使干旱地区醉马草幼苗的叶片数增加、叶片伸长。干旱地区醉马草E+植株的叶片增加数、叶片延伸量都要显著高于E-植株(p＜0.05)，而湿润地区醉马草的E+与E-植株之间的差异不显著(p＞0.05)。 4．在室外盆栽干旱条件下，内生真菌对醉马草的分蘖数、叶片生长、叶片相对含水量均无显著的影响(p＞0.05)。干旱地区E+植株受到的氧化伤害显著低于E-植株，而E+植株与E-植株的光和性能之间的差异不大。干旱地区E+醉马草植株叶片的SOD酶活性显著低于E*植株(p＜0.05)，而湿润地区醉马草E+与E-植株SOD酶活性间的差异不显著(p＞0.05)。 5．无论是温室幼苗渗透胁迫条件还是田间盆栽干旱胁迫条件，在重度胁迫下，与E-植株相比，内生真菌能够明显的促进干旱地区E+醉马草的地下生物量的积累(p＜0.05)，增加或者维持醉马草的地上生物量，引起生物量格局的重新分配—使植株根冠比增大；显著促进干旱地区E+醉马草叶片中的脯氨酸积累(p＜0.05)。而对湿润地区醉马草这种影响不显著。 6．干旱恢复阶段，内生真菌对原受重胁迫的干旱地区醉马草的分蘖和叶片的生长有一定促进作用，能够减缓脯氨酸的降解，可以提高其旱后的恢复能力。而对湿润地区醉马草的旱后恢复能力则无显著影响。

Seed germination and seedling growth of Neotyphodium endophytE-infected(E+)and endophytE-free(E-)wild barley( Hordeum brevisubulatum )were observed under temperature and simulated drought stress conditions.Results show that germination rate and germination index of E+ seed were significantly higher than those of E-seeds( P P Neotyphodium endophyte can improve the germination rate,germination speed,seedling growth,capacity of water self-absorption of wild barley under lower and higher temperature and water stress conditions.

本文通过比较携带(E+)和未携带(E-)内生真菌( Neotyphodium )的野大麦种子( Hordeum brevisubulatum )在温度胁迫和模拟干旱胁迫条件下种子的发芽速度、发芽率、根苗长以及幼苗含水量等方面的差异,探讨了内生真菌在对宿主植物抗逆境胁迫条件下的增益作用。结果表明:在10℃,15℃低温胁迫和30℃高温胁迫时,E+种子的发芽率、发芽指数显著大于E-种子( P P P <0.05),表明内生真菌可以促进宿主植物在温度和干旱胁迫环境中发芽后幼苗的生长,并增强植株自主吸收水分的能力。

以带内生真菌 (E+)和不带内生真菌 (E-) 的多年生黑麦草 (Lolium perenne) 种子为材料,采用室内种子萌发实验,分析多年生黑麦草在不同pH(4.47~6.12)砖红壤浸提液中种子萌发、幼苗形态指标及生理指标的变化,探讨内生真菌对酸性环境中多年生黑麦草幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明:(1)在相同带菌情况下(内生真菌侵染 E+ 或未浸染 E-),随着砖红壤浸提液 pH 值的降低(浸提液酸性的增强),E+ 和 E-种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚芽长、胚根长、胚芽鲜重和胚芽干重均表现为逐渐下降的趋势,且5 个砖红壤浸提液处理均显著低于相应对照(CK,pH 6.12);幼苗脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量呈上升趋势,且5 个砖红壤浸提液处理均显著高于相应CK.(2)除CK外,在相同 pH 砖红壤浸提液处理下,内生真菌侵染显著提高了多年黑麦草的发芽率、胚芽长、鲜重和干重等形态指标及脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性,却显著降低了过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量;在砖红壤浸提液pH 为4.47~6.12时,E+萌发种子胚根长与E-之间无显著差异.研究发现,不同pH砖红壤浸提液对E+ 和 E-种子萌发、生长和生理有一定的影响,内生真菌的侵染可促进宿主植物的生长,同时对砖红壤浸提液pH值具有较宽的适应范围,可将多年生黑麦草内生真菌共生体应用于酸性土壤改良.

摘　要： 通过不同浓度分子量为6 000的聚乙二醇（PEG）溶液模拟干旱的方法及不同土壤含水量下成坪速度的试验，比较了马蹄金Dichondra repens与结缕草Zoysia japonica种子萌发期抗旱性强弱。结果表明，马蹄金、结缕草的发芽势随干旱胁迫强度的增加呈下降趋势，马蹄金比结缕苹更易受影响，导致出芽整齐度降 低；马蹄金种子萌发期抗旱性临界值为-11 bar，结缕草为-7 bar，若以发芽率作为抗旱性衡量标准，则马蹄金种子萌发期抗旱性比结缕草强；短期的轻度土壤水分胁迫有利于马蹄金和结缕草的成坪，严重土壤水分胁迫使成 坪速度明显减慢，且结缕草比马蹄金更易受影响。

摘　要： 综述了国内外近年来关于内生真菌Neotyphodium对禾草粪植物抗旱性方面的研究成果。结果表明：与不带茵禾草相比，带茵禾草的抗逆性强、产量高，特别是内生真菌的侵染可增加宿主植物的抗旱性。据报道，内生真菌主要是通过促进植株根系发育、叶片生长、气孔开闭、渗透调节、抗氧化保护系统等来提高禾草类植物的抗干旱胁迫能力。但也有学者认为并非所有内生真菌对宿主禾草的抗旱性都有增益作用，内生真菌与禾草的共生关系还很大程度上决定于宿主、内生真菌基因型和生境的相互关系。在未来的研究中应以内生真菌一禾草共生体的抗旱机理、生物学特性和群体特征为重点；此外利用真菌一禾草共生体的抗旱特性开展优良牧草草坪草选育，发挥内生真菌在天然草地中的生态作用也是重要的研究方向。

Effects of different concentration of Armillaria mellea fermentation filtrate on the rapeseed germination and seedling growth were investigated. The results suggested that the filtrate had a remarkable effect on the germination vigor. The filtrate doesn’t influence the germination rate. It can promote the growth of seedlings and inhibits the growth of root. Elevated filtrate can reduce the survival rate. The filtrate stimulating effect at low concentration and inhibitory effect at high concentration on seedling yield. The inhibition level increased with the concentration of the fermentation filtrate. The filtrate has an remarkable allelopathy effects on the germination vigor, the growth of seedlings and root, and seedling yield of rape.

研究不同浓度的蜜环菌Armillaria mellea发酵液对油菜籽萌发、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，发酵液在油菜籽萌发过程中对种子的发芽势影响显著，对最终种子发芽率影响不大；发酵液具有促进幼苗伸长，抑制根生长的作用；随着发酵液浓度的升高，幼苗的成活率呈下降趋势；发酵液对幼苗生产量的影响表现为低促高抑，低浓度促进生产量的增加，高浓度下幼苗的生产量随着浓度的升高而降低。通过对蜜环菌化感作用的检测，蜜环菌发酵液在油菜籽的发芽势、苗伸长、根生长及幼苗生产量等方面均具有化感作用。

为确定黑麦草内生真菌及其发酵产物对病原真菌生长的影响,从不同品种 的多年生黑麦草(爱神特、美迭丽、顶峰和球道)中分离出N-A1、N-M2、N-P2和N-F1共4株Neotyphodium属的内生真菌菌株,分别采 用平板对峙培养、菌落生长及孢子萌发等方法对细交链孢、小麦根腐离蠕孢、新月弯孢霉和德氏霉等病原真菌进行室内生物测定。结果表明,在平板对峙培养中,不 同内生真菌对同一种病原菌的抑制作用不同,不同病原菌对同一内生真菌的敏感程度表现出差异,4株内生真菌对各病原菌的抑制率范围依次为 42.51%～46.25%、31.45%～43.97%、34.51%～46.55%和40.19%～46.62%。在对病原菌的生物测定中,4株内生 真菌的发酵产物均可抑制病原菌的生长,N-F1菌株的抑菌效果显著高于其他3株内生真菌(P＜0.05),对小麦根腐离蠕孢的菌落生长和孢子萌发表现出较 强的抑制作用,抑制率分别达到57.20%和86.60%。