云贵高原生态草牧业立体发展模式探索：以云南省永善县为例
English
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参考文献
[1] 方精云, 景海春, 张文浩. 迎接草牧业成为我国现代农业半壁江山的时代. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1615-1618. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00560 FANG J Y, JING H C, ZHANG W H. Greet to the era that grass-based livestock husbandry will become half of our country’s modern agriculture. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1615-1618. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00560
[2] 高树琴, 胡兆民, 韩勇, 刘智全, 潘庆民, 段瑞, 钟瑾, 景海春. 生态草牧业在我国精准扶贫中的作用和潜力: 中国科学院植物研究所科技扶贫实践与模式探索. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(2): 223-230. GAO S Q, HU Z M, HAN Y, LIU Z Q, PAN Q M, DUAN R, ZHONG J, JING H C. On role and potential of grass-based livestock husbandry in poverty alleviation: Practice and pattern exploration of S&T poverty alleviation by Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(2): 223-230.
[3] 任继周. 我国传统农业结构不改变不行了: 粮食九连增后的隐忧. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 1-5. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130301 REN J Z. The structure of my country’s traditional agriculture will not change: The hidden worries after nine consecutive increases in grain. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 1-5. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130301
[4] 方精云. 我国草原牧区呼唤新的草业发展模式. 科学通报, 2016, 61(2): 137-138. doi: 10.1360/0023-074X2016-61-2-137 FANG J Y. Our country’s grassland pastoral areas call for a new grassland development mode. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(2): 137-138. doi: 10.1360/0023-074X2016-61-2-137
[5] 方精云, 景海春, 张文浩, 高树琴, 段子渊, 王竑晟, 钟瑾, 潘庆民, 赵凯, 白文明, 李凌浩, 白永飞, 蒋高明, 黄建辉, 黄振英. 论草牧业的理论体系及其实践. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1619-1631. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00042 FANG J Y, JING H C, ZHANG W H, GAO S Q, DUAN Z Y, WANG H S, ZHONG J, PAN Q M, ZHAO K, BAI W M, LI L H, BAI Y F, JIANG G M, HUANG J H, HUANG Z Y. The concept of “Grass-based Livestock Husbandry” and its practice in Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1619-1631. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00042
[6] 潘庆民, 薛建国, 陶金, 徐明月, 张文浩. 中国北方草原退化现状与恢复技术. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1642-1650. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01178 PAN Q M, XUE J G, TAO J, XU M Y, ZHANG W H. Current status of grassland degradation and measures for grassland restoration in northern China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1642-1650. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01178
[7] 王国刚, 王明利, 王济民, 杨春, 汪武静. 中国南方牧草产业发展基础、前景与建议. 草业科学, 2015, 32(12): 2114-2121. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0349 WANG G G, WANG M L, WANG J M, YANG C, WANG W J. Foundation, prospects and suggestions for the development of the forage industry in southern China. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(12): 2114-2121. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0349
[8] 欧阳克蕙, 王堃. 中国南方草地开发现状及发展战略. 草业科学, 2006, 23(4): 17-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.04.005 OUYANG K H, WANG K. Present status and developing strategy of grassland in South China. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(4): 17-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.04.005
[9] 李昕茹. 藏粮于草: 南方农牧业转型新思路. (2020-09-22) [2021-07-26]. http://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2020/10/358249.shtm LI X R. Hiding grain in grass: New ideas for the transformation of agriculture and animal husbandry in Southern China. (2020-09-22) [2021-07-26]. http://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2020/10/358249.shtm
[10] 中华人民共和国农业部畜牧兽医司, 全国畜牧兽医总站. 中国草地资源. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1996. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Station. China’s Grassland Resources. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 1996.
[11] 张新时, 李博. 南方草地资源开发利用对策研究. 自然资源学报, 1998, 13(1): 1-7. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.1998.01.001 ZHANG X S, LI B. Development and utilization of grassland resources in southern China. Journal of Natural Resources, 1998, 13(1): 1-7. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.1998.01.001
[12] 毕玉芬, 马向丽. 云南高原特色草地农业的发展潜力分析. 云南农业大学学报, 2013, 7(3): 11-15. BI Y F, MA X L. Development potential analysis of Yunnan plateau characteristics of grassland agriculture. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2013, 7(3): 11-15.
[13] 刘源, 唐昊, 王相权, 汪超, 张永喜, 姜勇. 农牧民补奖政策助力: 云南草丰畜肥现代草牧业发展新景象. 中国畜牧业, 2020(1): 53-55. LIU Y, TANG H, WANG X Q, WANG C, ZHANG Y X, JIANG Y. The support of subsidy and reward to rangers: Promote the new sight of modern grass-based livestock husbandry development with abundant grass and heavy animal. China Animal Industry, 2020(1): 53-55.
[14] 何昌茂. 对开发利用我国南方草山草坡发展畜牧业问题的初步探讨. 四川草原, 1982(1): 1-7. HE C M. A preliminary discussion on the development and utilization of grasslands in southern China to develop animal husbandry. Sichuan Grassland, 1982(1): 1-7.
[15] 刘黎明, 赵英伟, 谢花林. 我国草地退化的区域特征及其可持续利用管理. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2003, 13(4): 46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2003.04.011 LIU L M, ZHAO Y W, XIE H L. Study on regional characteristics of rangeland degradation of China and its control strategies for sustainable use and management. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2003, 13(4): 46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2003.04.011
[16] 张炳武, 张新跃. 我国南方高效牧草种植系统. 草业科学, 2013, 30(2): 259-265. ZHANG B W, ZHANG X Y. Brief introduction of high efficiency forage planting system in south of China. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(2): 259-265.
[17] 黄建辉, 薛建国, 郑延海, 玉柱, 李昂. 现代草产品加工原理与技术发展. 科学通报, 2016, 61(2): 213-223. doi: 10.1360/N972015-00695 HUANG J H, XUE J G, ZHENG Y H, YU Z, LI A. Principles of modern forage products processing and the technology development. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(2): 213-223. doi: 10.1360/N972015-00695
[18] 徐春城. 现代青贮理论与技术. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013. XU C C. Silage Science and Technology. Beijing: Science Press, 2013.
[19] 钟瑾, 倪奎奎, 杨军香, 玉柱, 陶勇. 我国饲用草产品加工技术的现状及展望. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1677-1685. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01168 ZHONG J, NI K K, YANG J X, YU Z, TAO Y. The present situation and prospect of the processing technology of forage grass in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1677-1685. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01168
[20] 林祥金. 我国南方草山草坡开发利用的研究. 四川草原, 2002(4): 1-16. LIN X J. The research on the development and utilization to grassland in mountain areas of Southern China. Sichuan Grassland, 2002(4): 1-16.
[21] 熊小燕, 徐恢仲, 张继攀, 谭晓山, 赵永聚. 中国南方养羊业的发展现状、潜力和建议. 中国草食动物科学, 2016, 36(4): 58-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2016.04.016 XIONG X Y, XU H Z, ZHANG J P, TAN X S, ZHAO Y J. The status, potential and suggestions for the development of sheep farming in southern China. China Herbivore Science, 2016, 36(4): 58-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2016.04.016
[22] 方精云, 潘庆民, 高树琴, 景海春, 张文浩. “以小保大”原理: 用小面积人工草地建设换取大面积天然草地的保护与修复. 草业科学, 2016, 33(10): 1913-1916. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0514 FANG J Y, PAN Q M, GAO S Q, JING H C, ZHANG W H. “Small vs. Large Area” Principle: Protecting and restoring a large area of natural grassland by establishing a small area of cultivated pasture. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(10): 1913-1916. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0514
[23] 吴文荣, 金显栋, 袁福锦, 杨国荣, 钟声, 薛世明, 黄必志. 不同载畜量对南方人工草地生产性能的影响. 中国草食动物科学, 2013, 33(4): 36-38. WU W R, JIN X D, YUAN F J, YANG G R, ZHONG S, XUE S M, HUANG B Z. Effects of grazing capacity on pasture production in Southern China. China Herbivore Science, 2013, 33(4): 36-38.
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图 1 永善县马楠乡天然草地退化现状(摄于2020年6月)
Figure 1. Current natural grassland degradation status in Ma'nan Village, Yongshan County (Taken in June 2020)
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图 2 在永善县马楠乡高海拔草山草坡进行以放牧为主的草牧业模式示范
a.改良前的天然草地；b.改良后的天然草地；d.划区轮牧管理措施。c图中不同小写字母表示干草产量或鲜草产量在草地改良前后差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure 2. Demonstration of grazing centered grass-based livestock husbandry mode at high elevation in Ma'nan Village, Yongshan County
a. The natural grassland before restoration; b. The natural grassland after restoration; d. Rotational grazing management. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of hay production or fresh grass production between before and after grassland restoration at the 0.05 level.
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图 3 放牧与舍饲结合的草牧业模式在永善县新拉村中海拔草山草坡的示范
a. 改良后的天然草地示范；b. 甜高粱青贮窖；c. 规模化舍饲养殖；d. 自然放牧养殖。
Figure 3. Demonstration of grazing and confinement centered grass-based livestock husbandry mode at middle elevation in Xinla village, Yongshan County
a. Demonstration after natural grassland restoration; b. Silage cellar of sweet sorghum; c. Scale confinement feeding husbandry; d. Natural grazing husbandry.
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图 4 以舍饲为主的草牧业模式在永善县雪柏村低海拔草山草坡的示范
a. 栽培草地种植示范；c. 结合微生物菌剂的小型青贮袋；d. 有机肥还田。b图中不同小写字母表示不同品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Figure 4. Demonstration of confinement centered grass-based livestock husbandry mode at low elevation grassland in Xuebai village, Yongshan County
a. Cultivated pasture establishment; c. Small silage bags combined with microbial bacteria; d. Organic fertilizer recycling. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different breeds at the 0.05 level.
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[1] 方精云, 景海春, 张文浩. 迎接草牧业成为我国现代农业半壁江山的时代. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1615-1618. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00560 FANG J Y, JING H C, ZHANG W H. Greet to the era that grass-based livestock husbandry will become half of our country’s modern agriculture. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1615-1618. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00560
[2] 高树琴, 胡兆民, 韩勇, 刘智全, 潘庆民, 段瑞, 钟瑾, 景海春. 生态草牧业在我国精准扶贫中的作用和潜力: 中国科学院植物研究所科技扶贫实践与模式探索. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(2): 223-230. GAO S Q, HU Z M, HAN Y, LIU Z Q, PAN Q M, DUAN R, ZHONG J, JING H C. On role and potential of grass-based livestock husbandry in poverty alleviation: Practice and pattern exploration of S&T poverty alleviation by Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(2): 223-230.
[3] 任继周. 我国传统农业结构不改变不行了: 粮食九连增后的隐忧. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 1-5. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130301 REN J Z. The structure of my country’s traditional agriculture will not change: The hidden worries after nine consecutive increases in grain. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 1-5. doi: 10.11686/cyxb20130301
[4] 方精云. 我国草原牧区呼唤新的草业发展模式. 科学通报, 2016, 61(2): 137-138. doi: 10.1360/0023-074X2016-61-2-137 FANG J Y. Our country’s grassland pastoral areas call for a new grassland development mode. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(2): 137-138. doi: 10.1360/0023-074X2016-61-2-137
[5] 方精云, 景海春, 张文浩, 高树琴, 段子渊, 王竑晟, 钟瑾, 潘庆民, 赵凯, 白文明, 李凌浩, 白永飞, 蒋高明, 黄建辉, 黄振英. 论草牧业的理论体系及其实践. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1619-1631. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00042 FANG J Y, JING H C, ZHANG W H, GAO S Q, DUAN Z Y, WANG H S, ZHONG J, PAN Q M, ZHAO K, BAI W M, LI L H, BAI Y F, JIANG G M, HUANG J H, HUANG Z Y. The concept of “Grass-based Livestock Husbandry” and its practice in Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1619-1631. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00042
[6] 潘庆民, 薛建国, 陶金, 徐明月, 张文浩. 中国北方草原退化现状与恢复技术. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1642-1650. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01178 PAN Q M, XUE J G, TAO J, XU M Y, ZHANG W H. Current status of grassland degradation and measures for grassland restoration in northern China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1642-1650. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01178
[7] 王国刚, 王明利, 王济民, 杨春, 汪武静. 中国南方牧草产业发展基础、前景与建议. 草业科学, 2015, 32(12): 2114-2121. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0349 WANG G G, WANG M L, WANG J M, YANG C, WANG W J. Foundation, prospects and suggestions for the development of the forage industry in southern China. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(12): 2114-2121. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2015-0349
[8] 欧阳克蕙, 王堃. 中国南方草地开发现状及发展战略. 草业科学, 2006, 23(4): 17-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.04.005 OUYANG K H, WANG K. Present status and developing strategy of grassland in South China. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(4): 17-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2006.04.005
[9] 李昕茹. 藏粮于草: 南方农牧业转型新思路. (2020-09-22) [2021-07-26]. http://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2020/10/358249.shtm LI X R. Hiding grain in grass: New ideas for the transformation of agriculture and animal husbandry in Southern China. (2020-09-22) [2021-07-26]. http://news.sciencenet.cn/sbhtmlnews/2020/10/358249.shtm
[10] 中华人民共和国农业部畜牧兽医司, 全国畜牧兽医总站. 中国草地资源. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1996. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Station. China’s Grassland Resources. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 1996.
[11] 张新时, 李博. 南方草地资源开发利用对策研究. 自然资源学报, 1998, 13(1): 1-7. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.1998.01.001 ZHANG X S, LI B. Development and utilization of grassland resources in southern China. Journal of Natural Resources, 1998, 13(1): 1-7. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3037.1998.01.001
[12] 毕玉芬, 马向丽. 云南高原特色草地农业的发展潜力分析. 云南农业大学学报, 2013, 7(3): 11-15. BI Y F, MA X L. Development potential analysis of Yunnan plateau characteristics of grassland agriculture. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2013, 7(3): 11-15.
[13] 刘源, 唐昊, 王相权, 汪超, 张永喜, 姜勇. 农牧民补奖政策助力: 云南草丰畜肥现代草牧业发展新景象. 中国畜牧业, 2020(1): 53-55. LIU Y, TANG H, WANG X Q, WANG C, ZHANG Y X, JIANG Y. The support of subsidy and reward to rangers: Promote the new sight of modern grass-based livestock husbandry development with abundant grass and heavy animal. China Animal Industry, 2020(1): 53-55.
[14] 何昌茂. 对开发利用我国南方草山草坡发展畜牧业问题的初步探讨. 四川草原, 1982(1): 1-7. HE C M. A preliminary discussion on the development and utilization of grasslands in southern China to develop animal husbandry. Sichuan Grassland, 1982(1): 1-7.
[15] 刘黎明, 赵英伟, 谢花林. 我国草地退化的区域特征及其可持续利用管理. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2003, 13(4): 46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2003.04.011 LIU L M, ZHAO Y W, XIE H L. Study on regional characteristics of rangeland degradation of China and its control strategies for sustainable use and management. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2003, 13(4): 46-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2003.04.011
[16] 张炳武, 张新跃. 我国南方高效牧草种植系统. 草业科学, 2013, 30(2): 259-265. ZHANG B W, ZHANG X Y. Brief introduction of high efficiency forage planting system in south of China. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(2): 259-265.
[17] 黄建辉, 薛建国, 郑延海, 玉柱, 李昂. 现代草产品加工原理与技术发展. 科学通报, 2016, 61(2): 213-223. doi: 10.1360/N972015-00695 HUANG J H, XUE J G, ZHENG Y H, YU Z, LI A. Principles of modern forage products processing and the technology development. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2016, 61(2): 213-223. doi: 10.1360/N972015-00695
[18] 徐春城. 现代青贮理论与技术. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013. XU C C. Silage Science and Technology. Beijing: Science Press, 2013.
[19] 钟瑾, 倪奎奎, 杨军香, 玉柱, 陶勇. 我国饲用草产品加工技术的现状及展望. 科学通报, 2018, 63(17): 1677-1685. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01168 ZHONG J, NI K K, YANG J X, YU Z, TAO Y. The present situation and prospect of the processing technology of forage grass in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(17): 1677-1685. doi: 10.1360/N972017-01168
[20] 林祥金. 我国南方草山草坡开发利用的研究. 四川草原, 2002(4): 1-16. LIN X J. The research on the development and utilization to grassland in mountain areas of Southern China. Sichuan Grassland, 2002(4): 1-16.
[21] 熊小燕, 徐恢仲, 张继攀, 谭晓山, 赵永聚. 中国南方养羊业的发展现状、潜力和建议. 中国草食动物科学, 2016, 36(4): 58-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2016.04.016 XIONG X Y, XU H Z, ZHANG J P, TAN X S, ZHAO Y J. The status, potential and suggestions for the development of sheep farming in southern China. China Herbivore Science, 2016, 36(4): 58-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2016.04.016
[22] 方精云, 潘庆民, 高树琴, 景海春, 张文浩. “以小保大”原理: 用小面积人工草地建设换取大面积天然草地的保护与修复. 草业科学, 2016, 33(10): 1913-1916. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0514 FANG J Y, PAN Q M, GAO S Q, JING H C, ZHANG W H. “Small vs. Large Area” Principle: Protecting and restoring a large area of natural grassland by establishing a small area of cultivated pasture. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(10): 1913-1916. doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0514
[23] 吴文荣, 金显栋, 袁福锦, 杨国荣, 钟声, 薛世明, 黄必志. 不同载畜量对南方人工草地生产性能的影响. 中国草食动物科学, 2013, 33(4): 36-38. WU W R, JIN X D, YUAN F J, YANG G R, ZHONG S, XUE S M, HUANG B Z. Effects of grazing capacity on pasture production in Southern China. China Herbivore Science, 2013, 33(4): 36-38.
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